Kinematics

exactness. Nevertheless, these shear-deformable shell models are commonly called shells with Reissner-Mindlin kinematics due to the origin of the assumption of shear-deformable cross-sections. Following the naming of Bischoff [Bis1999], the pure displacement-based shell formulations with shear deformation are called five-parameter formulation. This name relates to the use of five kinematic degrees of freedom (3 displacements and 2 rotational degrees of freedom). The fundamental idea of shell…

the forces acting upon them (liquids, gases, or plasmas). It can be divided into three sub-categories. Fluid statics. Fluid kinematics. Fluid dynamics. 2.2.1 Fluid Statics Studying the fluids at rest is called fluid statics. 2.2.2 Fluid kinematics Studying the fluids in motion without keeping the presence of any forces which cause this motion is called fluid kinematics. 2.2.3 Fluid dynamics Studying the fluids in motion,…

Fnet,ext=MaCM meaning that the net external force acting on some object will cause its mass to accelerate. The net force here is inclusive of all external forces (Moore). This law of motion is the basis for the entire experiment. Kinematic Chain According to the kinematic chain, if you integrate acceleration, a constant, your result will be a linear function describing velocity. A integreated= aldjf;aijd;flnsd;ifjj If you integrate the velocity function, your result will be a quadratic function…

The force – sensorless method is also applied to rehabilitation applications. Gravity and friction of robots and human arms were estimated by using the relationship between kinematic information and reaction torque of the actuators [8]. Pneumatic is another actuator that is used in rehabilitation application. The force-sensorless method was also applied to the pneumatic actuators by using the relationship between position and…

A fluid in which the viscous stresses taken place from its flow at all the point are linearly proportional to the rate of change in its deformation over time is called Newtonian fluid. Newtonian fluid explains the relationship between the shear rate and the shear stress is linear with the proportionality constant, which is to be referred as the coefficient of viscosity. Non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid where the properties of fluid flow are not similar with Newtonian fluid. In Newtonian fluids,…

In the chapter Kinematics of Particles, we studied about various relations among time, position, velocity and acceleration of a particle. When we have a relation between any two parameters, we can calculate remaining parameters. In Kinetics of Particles, we applied Newton’s second law of motion ƩF = ma. The fundamental concept is when external forces acting on a particle are balanced (zero resultant), the particle will be in equilibrium. But when external forces acting on a particle are not…

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM: By exploring lower limb kinetics in sports, clinicians can better understand the effects they place on the knee, ultimately manipulating the risk factors to decrease the rates of ACL tears (2, 11). 70 percent of ACL injuries occur as a result of playing sports. (5) ACL tears are usually season ending injuries that require surgery. Because they require surgery, the medical costs are high, averaging around 20,000-50,000 dollars (1, 5, 12,). The rate of return to…

The Biodex System SD is a device that was created to analyse the change in an individual bodies’ centre of mass under unstable and stable platforms (Biodex medical system, Sherley, NY). It helps with a wide range of performance and pathological factors such as improving balance, developing muscle tone and agility according to “The national athletic trainer’s association convention daily newspaper”. It is further stated and mention that it may also be used for training, testing,…

With the advance of technology there is a new form of survey that is creating a lot of debate. It is called Coordinate based Cadastre. A GPS/GNSS based system of survey. In today’s world of surveying the debate is, whether to stay with the tried and true methods that are in place today for surveying, or do adapt and embrace the ever advancing new technology in the form of a coordinate based cadaster. This debate is being felt all over the world. Many provinces in Canada and other countries of…

of the various liquids that were experimented with. There were five substances that were experimented with along a platform at a constant angle and the time was looked at by how fast each substance got to from point A to point B. We are using a kinematic viscosity which means gravity will help the flow of the substances and also it is a factor in calculating the…