Kin selection

For decades, scientists have conducted research on all living things; to help us determine what life is, what life does, and why things live. During life, several miraculous things take place, and among those things is change. Change that can start a chain reaction over decades, centuries, even millenia. We call these changes evolution. There are, however, several doubts in the minds of people; most commonly, those people who believe in the words of the Bible. If evolution is a real thing, then…

scientific evidence to suggest that humans came from an evolution of different species throughout the course of time. For example, Darwin’s theory is based on the idea that all life on earth is connected in some way, as well as, that the idea of natural selection has allowed for species to evolve over time. On a separate note, the creation story in Genesis suggests that a sole creator, God, designed the world. Thus, God created all living beings including humans. While many debate the…

Presumably your self-awareness begins at conception, and thus there is self-awareness even at the cellular level. Now if you, and here 'you' could be a plant or a microbe, respond to stimuli (external or internal), then you are self-aware, albeit awareness of self comes in degrees - a mammal is more self-aware than a cactus even though both can respond to stimuli. If you respond to stimuli in a way that's not predictable by the laws of physics then you are self-aware. A rock cannot be a 'you'…

Microbiology in itself is such a vital field which contributes and continuously defines the world in which we live in. Charles Darwin once stated “Each living creature must be looked at as a microcosm--a little universe, formed of a host of self-propagating organisms, inconceivably minute and as numerous as the stars in heaven” (Goodreads, 2015). I really liked this quote because I think it explains the vastness that microbiology possesses. We tend to look at the world seeing one individual…

In the literature, different equations are used to calculate the energy requirement for birds (Emmans, 1974, Peguri and Coon, 1988, NRC, 1994, Sakomura et al., 1993, 2006), the factorial model has been the basis for the elaboration from these models, estimating the requirements consider the differences in weights, body composition, potential for growth and production of the animals, as well as the environment. The factorial method is based on the principle that the requirement in energy or…

According to Easthope, the concept of hybridity could be generally understood from three aspects—“biology, ethnicity and culture” (Easthope 341). Its etymology, “hybrida” that derives from biology, means a “genetic component”—two species could produce the offspring inherited some characters from, but not being any one of, both species. Its ethnical meaning refers to “an individual ‘having access to two or more ethnic identities’,” which, in Easthope’s sense, has its own limitations, for it…

Studies on how altruistic vigilance influence the dispersion of a population The motivations of movement through space for herbivores are different from carnivores, for example. As an outcome, the reasons behind an animal spread are numerous. Several biological factors that influence the movement include the preference towards a resource, the presence of home range or the escape from preying. There is an extensive amount of work in mathematical biology about the effects of distinct behaviours…

CHARLES DARWIN. Darwin’s theory of evolution is widely looked upon, his theory has been around for a very long time and many people have looked into the theory. Charles Darwin was an english naturalist who studies of a variation of plants and animals during a five year voyage around the the world in the 19th century. Charles Darwin did explain his theory and his findings in his book called the “the origin of species”. This book was published in the 1859. Darwin's ideas caused a lot of…

There is a lot of genetic variation in humans the reason for this is because of four processes of evolution namely mutations, gene flow, gene drift and natural selection. Changes happening without a certain method or at random in a genetic code can be defined as mutations this brings change in the ratio of a specific form in a gene allele to the total numbers of forms in a specific population. Mutations often develop…

In 1992, Mikhail Gorbachev allegedly said “Jesus was the first socialist, the first to seek a better life for mankind.”1 Indeed, the goals of Pope Francis’s green encyclical and the core ideas of Marxism do seem to overlap. However, these connections are purely superficial. Upon further inspection, fundamental theory of Marxism differs socially, ideologically and economically from Pope’s ideas, making it impossible to assume any form of parallel between these two. First, the major purpose of…