Kidney transplantation

IgA nephropathy or Berger’s Disease, is a kidney disorder that arises when IgA settles in the kidneys. More specifically, when the IgA protein accumulates or clumps in the small blood vessels of the kidney, triggering inflammation which damages the glomeruli tissue (Mayo Clinic). Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on the posterior abdominal wall. One of the kidneys main functions is to filter toxic waste from the blood; the glomeruli play an important role in this process. The more…

So, creatinine clearance needs to be calculated in order to estimate GFR. Since clearance defined as the volume of plasma that is completely cleared or cleaned by the kidney when excreting substance in urine, it is a good way to determine if the kidneys are functioning properly. Creatinine is a metabolic byproduct of skeletal muscle that is freely filtered, not re-absorbed and with little secretion. Although creatinine clearance is not completely accurate when…

Isabel: The normal range for triglycerides is anything less than 150 mg/dL (The Mayo Clinic Staff). Your levels are within the normal range. Mr. Brown: Well that’s good to hear. How about my cholesterol? Isabel: Let’s see. Your cholesterol is at 210 mg/dL. The desirable amount would be anything below 200 mg/dL (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2016). You are what we call borderline high (The May Clinic Staff, 2016). Mr. Brown: What is cholesterol and what would make my cholesterol high? Isabel: Think of…

Glomerular filtration is the physical method the kidney uses to sort what should be excreted from what should be kept in the bloodstream. In the first part of the process, a membrane called the filtrate membrane filters out red blood cells, large proteins, and other large plasma solutes. For example, albumin is filtered out at this point, with only a tiny amount remaining in the subsequent glomerular filtrate. Because the afferent arteriole to the glomerulus is much larger than its efferent…

end-product of deamination of amino acids. In vivo, it is physiologically produced, predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract, myocytes, lymphocytes, and the kidney. Ammonia is neurotoxic if it accumulates but, normally, it is metabolized to urea by hepatocytes, and to glutamine by myocytes and hepatocytes. Urea is excreted by the kidney, but can also diffuse into all tissues and body fluids. In the gastrointestinal tract, bacterial ureases produce ammonia from the urea. Significant formation…

Organ transplant is one example in which not everyone who is in need could avail. How do we even decided who gets an organ and who should not? A waiting list is used, and it is usually on a first come first seved basis. Due to the shortage of organ donors, many on the list die before getting the organ, or may be too sick to go through transplant surgery (Hippen, Ross, & Sade, 2009) Distributive justice is the equal allocation of goods to everyone who is in need free from biases and…

system compromise of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The urinary system removes filtered liquid waste and urine. UTIs can occurs any area along the urinary tract. UTIs can be classified as lower and upper depending on the area of the infection. The upper urinary infection can occur in the kidney (pyelonephritis) and the ureters. In the lower urinary, infection can occur in the bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis) and prostate (prostatitis). In the kidneys and ureters urinary…

urine which is waste product of the kidney, can be used to detect different diseases or abnormality by doing urine analysis. urine is composed of water, certain electrolytes, and various waste products that are filtered out of the blood system. due to the kidneys filtration system big molecules, blood, and different ions are not supposed to leave the body, so their presence during analysis can indicate abnormality. The urinary system is responsible for maintain the fluid hemostat of the body,…

Briefly trace and discuss the flow of blood in the human kidney. Blood passes into the kidney through the renal artery entering the glomerulus within the Bowman’s capsule. However, when traveling into the glomerulus it is split into fifty capillaries, which has thin walls. The solutes within the blood are filtered through the thin walls by the pressure gradient exiting between the fluid in the Bowman’s capsule and blood capillaries. The pressure gradient is regulated by the dilation or…

A 94 year old female was admitted to the hospital with occurring symptoms of swelling (edema) in the both of the lower legs, shortness of breath (dyspnoea) and recent weight gain due to Congestive heart failure (CHF). CHF is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body (Figueroa & Peters, 2016). The result of inadequate cardiac output (CO) is poor organ perfusion and vascular congestion in the pulmonary (left-sided failure) and…