Kidney stone

Introduction The kidney has an important role in the body. It regulates water and salt volume, and plasma pH of the body. The body helps maintain the balance of salt and water in the blood. This is done by three processes which are glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. The balancing of the pH is also as important for the human body. If the pH is well maintained and balance, it shows that the kidney is working properly in the body. Following…

In order to answer the question, one must first understand what urinary tract infections (UTIs) are and some possible causes. First, simply stated, a UTI is an infection of either the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra. Second, most UTIs are caused by an infection by bacteria, primarily in women and usually in the bladder or urethra. The most common type of UTI is caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The main reason women are more likely to suffer from urinary tract infections is that…

Overview Cystitis is a type of urinary tract infection that causes inflammation in the bladder. The infection is typically caused by bacteria that normally exist within the gastrointestinal tract. After stool is passed, some microorganisms continue to linger around the anus. Sometimes these bacteria make it to the bladder by passing through the urethra. Because they tend to thrive in the environment created by urine, it is not unusual for them to multiply quickly and cause an infection as they…

excessive amount of cholesterol or an increase consumption of salt and water, build up of cholesterol occurs in the gallbladder forming a gallstone. Often, gallstones are small enough to pass without complications but larger stones create blockages and problems. When a stone is large enough it can become lodged in the opening of the gallbladder and causes painful contractions of smooth muscle. A more serious problem arises when a gallstone lodges itself in the common bile duct, thus causing bile…

- MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE SEVERE TOXICITY (MDX): Patients who present more than 36 hours (“late”) after acute acetaminophen ingestion may have significant liver injury and even liver failure (INR greater than 1.5, acidosis or encephalopathy). Intubate patients with altered mental status and resuscitate hypotensive patients with crystalloid and adrenergic vasopressors. Treat coagulopathic patients who are bleeding with fresh frozen plasma. Patients with renal failure may require renal replacement…

Introduction Urethrotomy is a surgery to treat a section of the urethra that is too narrow (urethral stricture). The urethra is the tube that moves urine from the bladder out through the tip of the penis. Urethral stricture makes it difficult or painful to pass urine, and can increase your risk of having more frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). The goal of surgery is to remove urethral stricture and restore the normal flow of urine. Urethrotomy is performed by passing a thin tube with a…

Legalizing organ sales There are two facts that one must come to realize when it comes to the donation or selling of organs. First, there are over six-thousand people waiting for viable organs in the United States and Second, there are over three-thousand people a year getting their much-needed organs in other countries without a waiting list. The only difference is in other countries they are getting their organs via the black market. The non-legalization of buying and selling organs cause the…

material from the blood. When the kidney loses the ability to filter, the body fluids can rise in dangerous levels. Acute renal failure can be reversible as long as it is treated on time. Medication and other treatments can be essential to stop the progress of this disease. If this is not treated on time, it can progress to an end stage and eventually death. Acute renal failure is one of the leading causes of death in US. “A sudden, serious drop in blood flow to the kidney. Heavy blood loss,…

Everyone’s kidneys filter their blood, and excrete toxins out of their bodies. Some people have a condition that causes their kidneys to not function properly. The symptoms for this condition are often overlooked or ignored because not many people recognize the symptoms. Many people do not realize how vital their kidneys are in everyday life. Chronic Kidney Disease is a serious condition that can be life threatening. CKD can result in kidney failure. It is a progressive condition that can be…

“Chronic Kidney Disease, also called chronic kidney failure, describes the gradual loss of kidney function. Your kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which are then excreted in your urine. When chronic kidney disease reaches an advanced stage, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes can build up in your body”. Chronic Kidney disease usually relates to anemia and the level of anemia correlates with the severity of renal failure. Many conditions can cause CKD, causes…