Ketone

Acute complications of diabetes include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHS), and hypoglycemia. DKA and HHS occurs when there is insufficient insulin to transport glucose into the cells. The difference between DKA and HHS is that in HHS an individual has just enough insulin to prevent ketoacidosis but not enough to prevent osmotic diuresis, hyperglycemia, and extracellular fluid depletion (Robbins, Shaw, & Lewis, 2010). DKA is more common in type 1…

Crystallized from ethanol to give brown crystals, m.p. 170oC in 70% yield. Analysis for C29H18BrClN2O2 ; Calcd %C, 64.28; H, 3.35; N, 5.17; Found: %C, 64.30; H, 3.30; N, 5.19; IR: υmax./cm-1 1685 (C=O quinazolinone), 1660 (C=O of the α,β - unsaturated ketone) and at 1590 (C=N).1H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 6.8-7.0 (2H, d, d, CH=CH) and 7.2-8.1 (m, 16H, Ar-H ). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6): 189,167, 160,148, 145, 139, 137, 136, 135.2, 132.3, 134, 131, 130, 129.8, 129.5, 129.3, 128, 126.7, 124.9, 124.6, 123.…

each methyl proton group has 2 neighboring protons. As seen in Tables 3 and 4, the melting points of the unknown alcohol and ketone derivatives both suggest that the alcohol made was 3-pentanol. The unknown alcohol derivative had a melting point with a range of 98C to 101C, which is very close to the melting point of the 3-pentanol derivative (97C). Also, the unknown ketone derivative had a melting point range of 150C to 155C, which is also very close to the melting point of the 3-pentanone…

and almost completely sublimated during the solvent evaporation, which lead to vacuum filtration. As a known possibility, some ketone and alcohol was formed and could be associated with the borneol drying out an contaminating the water. Alcohol peaks were depicted on the IR spectrum, meaning that borneo could have remained in the resulting product and a small ketone peak the spectrum. TLC was done to accommodate to the expected results but could not confirm them, although one was done before…

Patho: Diabetes can be classified and categorized in many ways. In general, the different diabetes can be classified as a group of metabolic disorders, all of which are characterized by abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates. The most common complication is hyperglycemia. This is caused by a defect in the secretion of insulin, or a defect in the effects of insulin on the tissues. Typically diagnosed after 30 years of age, Type 2 diabetes is characterized by tissues developing insulin resistance.…

Diabetes Mellitus is a hormonal disorder of the pancreas. Diabetes Mellitus is a lifelong metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a lack of insulin, which requires lifestyle and behavioral changes. There are three types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 that are separate and distinct pathophysiological entities, and Gestational Diabetes. According to Kowalski (2012 p.1294) “Type 1 Diabetes results from destruction of the pancreatic beta cells because the beta cells of the…

used in the following important reactions: Grignard reagent can be added in excess to an ester or lactone to give a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same, and the addition of a Grignard reagent to a nitrile produces an unsymmetrical ketone via a metalloimine…

Draw resonance structures showing all the positions at which the positive charge is delocalized on the aromatic ring in the phenonium ion. If a methoxy group (-OCH3) or a nitro group (–NO2) were substituted in the 4-position on the aromatic ring, how would the stability of the phenonium ion change? Compare methoxy substituted, nitro substituted and unsubstituted, and order them by increasing stability. Explain your answer thoroughly. 2) Benzopinacol and benzopinacolone have nearly…

liver to make ketone bodies. Then the body continues to use fat that is released in the blood and the liver continuously makes ketone bodies. Continuous production of ketone bodies eventually lowers the pH of the blood, resulting in acidosis (Ketones, n.d.). Ketones are weak organic acids and the body produces them faster than the body can break them down (Guthrie & Guthrie, 2004). Ketoacidosis can cause a person’s breath to have a “fruity” odor. This is because one of the ketones, acetone,…

broken down, ketones are released as they are a byproduct of the destruction of fat. These ketones are toxic acids that can lead to a Diabetic Ketoacidodic state, if not controlled and reversed. The signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include frequent urination, excessive thirst, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue and weakness, confusion, shortness of breath, and most notably fruity scented breath. The more definable signs are high blood sugar levels and high ketone levels in…