Katz v. United States

wasn’t overtime due to certain cases. In Katz v. United States, 1967 abstract items were protected from unreasonable searches and seizures and found objects like waste and garbage are not applied in the fourth amendment (California v. Greenwood, 1988) The biggest concern after this was whether or not this clause also apply to students. Two students in Middlesex County,New Jersey were at their high school and were caught smoking in the restroom by a teacher. T.L.O. (Tracy Lois Odem) and the other student were taken to the principal’s office. The girl with T.L.O. admitted to smoking in the restroom while T.L.O. denied smoking entirely. The assistant vice-principal then checked her purse and found cigarettes and much more. He found rolling papers, marijuana, a pipe, a huge stack of dollar bills and 2 letters showing T.L.O. was involved in drug dealing in school. She confessed that she did sell in school once she was taken to the police station and was given a year’s probation since she was sentenced in juvenile court. But the State Supreme Court said her rights from the fourth amendment were violated and overturned the decision. New Jersey then appealed to the State Supreme Court.…

Katz v. United States 389 U.S. 347 (1967) Facts: In suspicion Katz was sending gambling information to individuals in other states over the phone, Federal agents attached a device to an outside public phone booth to eavesdrop on Katz. The recording revealed Katz was convicted of eight-counts indictment for transmitting illegal wager information from Los Angeles to Boston and Miami. Katz appealed his conviction stating that the recordings could not be used as evidence against him. However, the…

Brandeis’s Right of Privacy argument when he rejects common-law privacy protection for telephone messages, noting the need for “direct legislation” by Congress. (Solove and Schwartz 89) The idea that “the United States takes no such care of telegraph or telephone…

Being wrongfully convicted of a crime is a reoccurring issue and the Innocence Project states that in the United States "since 1989, there have been tens of thousands of cases where prime suspects were identified and pursued until DNA testing proved that they were wrongly accused" (Innocence Project). Wrongly convicted individuals serve an average number of 14 years in prison before they are exonerated and 29% of the cases involved false confessions (Innocence Project). Included in those tens…

nostalgia is labeled as bittersweet because of the mixture of unhappiness and joyfulness. When people speak reflectively of their past, they become more optimistic and motivated about their future. During the class discussion of civil war reenactors, the concept of nostalgia was examined. In the Journal of American Culture, it is explained that nostalgia grew popular throughout the 1970’s and 1980’s (Hall 1994). Nostalgia is expressions of a sense of powerlessness during rapid changes in the…

the convenience of stereotyping to achieve an understanding of any one human being. This leads to a huge problem in human interaction because beliefs of one person are based solely on the way that person looks versus who that person truly is. In Speech Sounds Rye used great caution based on appearance, much like modern day American citizens do. Ironically, current citizens use he exact same observation and caution with those dressed in uniform. With police brutality at an all time high (or more…

The National Football League has had its number of lockouts, the most recent and historically longest being in 2011. It lasted 132 days until an agreement was made between the players and owners. There are many aspects involved in reaching their agreement, however at the end of the day it comes down to money, $9 billion dollars annually to be exact. Back in 2006 the current agreement was set to expire but was extended by both the players and owners. In 2008 owners chose to opt out of the…

perceived in a negative light. While also, acknowledging the importance of cooperation and the practice of psychological principles within this given study. Definition of key terminology Cooperation to most individuals is simply seen as a basic form of teamwork. This is the common understanding and conclusion most people come to without needing to think very much of it. Using cognitive frameworks to automatically connect individuals coming together with cooperation. Before…

Security enforcement agencies, therefore, have taken exceeding measures to adjust and prepare for terrorist attacks. This is especially true in the airline industry. Travelers now have to arrive at the airport two hours earlier than they did before 9/11. There are restrictions on luggage and bags, and random passengers are selected for intense screening for security provisions (Wood, Jennie). A recent checkpoint for security, called the Advanced Imaging Technology, was installed almost ten years…

During the Golden Age of Hollywood, studios controlled not only the resources of production but also how the films were released. The most prominent of these studios, known as “The Big Five,” consisted of Paramount Pictures, RKO, Warner Brothers, Fox, and Loew’s Incorporated. Again, during that time, they controlled the development, production, and distribution of films which lead to the studio system. The Paramount decision, stemming from the United States Supreme Court Hollywood Antitrust Case…