Karyotype

Chemistry: Enasidenib is a first in class, a selective allosteric inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) inhibitor discovered at Agios Pharmaceutical, Inc. in the United States of America. Recently, on 1 August 2017, Celgene Corporation and Agios Pharmaceutical in cooperation won the approval for Enasidenib under brand name IdhifaTm for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. it is a white to off-white crystalline, non hygroscopic powder existing in…

The Tasmanian devil is an apex predator and the largest marsupial carnivore. Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) is a highly aggressive, transmissible cancer that is decimating the Tasmanian devil population and threatening the species with extinction in as little as thirty years (Brüniche-Olsen et al., 2016). The disease first showed up in 1996 and a second transmissible cancer in devils was discovered in 2014. This disease has since declined the population 95% in some areas while spreading to…

Summary: All biological molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A carbohydrate (C,H,O) is a biological molecule consisting of hydrogen , carbon, and oxygen atoms exclusively. They are the building blocks for polysaccharides, larger more complex carbohydrates. An example of a carbohydrate is glucose (the energy source for plants). Carbohydrates are the source of short term energy in organisms. Proteins (C,H,O,N) are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen on a base level. Proteins…

Normally a child inherits 46 chromosomes from their parents, 23 from each parent. An abnormal cell division in early embryo development can cause Down syndrome also called Downs Syndrome named from John Langdon Down, an English Physician, who wrote about it in 1866. A child born with this defect has an extra or abnormal chromosome 21.this changes the way the body and brain develops, and depends on the type of down syndrome and how may cell shave an abnormal chromosome 21. Experts believe that…

of crime scene DNA C. Karyotyping Karyotyping is used to test for chromosome abnormalities. It shows the number and how the chromosomes look in an organism’s nucleus by using cells from a prenatal diagnosis. Chromosomes are arranged into karyotypes according to size and structure. They are created from chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis Chorionic Villus Sampling At 10-12 weeks of pregnancy, a tube is inserted into the cervix in order to remove a sample of placenta.…

important lab test needed for the diagnosis of A-T because more than 95% of individuals with A-T have serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration elevated above 10 ng/mL (6). Gene analysis can be also performed to look for mutations in the ATM gene (2). A karyotype of A-T patients is characterized by t7;14 translocations and leukemic clones (3). Healthcare faculty should also need to look for serum immunoglobulin levels (IgE, IgA, IgG/IgM), and B/T cell levels of the patient. Low levels of these…

Introduction: Cancer is defined by abnormal cell division without control. Colorectal cancer may be develop in the tissues of the colon and/or the tissues of the rectum (PubMed Health, 2015). Colon and rectal cancers arise because of changes that occur in specific genes and it has been notices that these genes play an important role to the cell cycle, angiogenesis and other mechanisms that take part in the growth of cells (Swan, 2005). Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide…

Turner syndrome, also known as TS and gonadal dysgenesis, is a chromosomal deficiency affecting over two million women that occur when two of the X chromosomes in a female’s DNA are either incomplete or missing entirely. It usually becomes apparent when a female is only a few years old, or even shortly following her birth. The missing genetic material of the X chromosome keeps the female body from maturing on its own. Because Turner syndrome is different for every female and an individual…

Nuchal translucency (NT) is the sonographic appearance of the subcutaneous accumulation of fluid behind the fetal neck in the first trimester of pregnancy. NT is measured between 11 to 13 weeks gestation with the optimal measurement of crown-rump (the length of an embryo or fetus measured from the skull vertex to the midpoint between the apices of the buttocks10) of 45 mm to 84 mm. Most fetuses can be viewed transabdominally scan, while some need additional transvaginal examination2. The…

As we have learned, there are many different disorders that occur in women. Women not only experience certain health issues, women experience unique health issues and conditions from pregnancy to menopause and other gynecological conditions. There are also some health issues which are common in men and women, but affect women differently. Although symptoms may be similar, the effects of the condition are completely different for women, including effecting them more severely or frequently. Turner…