Karl Jaspers

In my life I have seen my mother struggle with Marx’s theories of exploitation, and false consciousness, and Weber’s theory of the iron cage of rationality. According to Marx, a major form of exploitation is found in wage labor. As defined in the lecture, wage labor is money compensation per time unit worked (Lecture 3). In order to maintain capital, the elite exploit the laborer and give them only what is necessary to survive. People are forced to work extremely hard yet they cannot generate…

Metaphysics is defined through abstract concepts such as knowing, being, cause or time by a multitude of philosophers. A miniscule selection, of German heritage explain their own thoughts and theories upon the subject. The first, George Wilhelm Hegel- a German noble paved his way into philosophical history in the early 1700’s. In contrast, Friedrich Nietzsche was a German Philosopher whose peak of fame was evident in the 1870’s-80s. Although, both from different time periods and upbringings,…

Assignment NIKHIL SHENDE R2014SWMH011 Critic Marxism Karl Marx (1818-1983) was the German man he known as philosopher, economist, socialist, and journalist. he also known as revolutionary socialist, he was very known personality for the social theory that social class conflict, human history, exploitation, oppression, market forces of production, alienation of labour class how is happened and responsible to social conflict and its effect on society. He…

Emile Durkheim’s theories on social solidarity have been leading the debate on the effects of a shift between two types of solidarity for decades. Solidarity can be seen as the bonding force that hold our societies together. One type of solidarity is mechanical solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is a society that functions as a collective, like a machine, with the same goals, dreams and fears that are driven by the ideals of a god or religious figure. In the modern world we have transitioned into…

Gramsci’s theory of Hegemony and medias role in a democratic society. “Marxism is the system of socialism of which the dominant feature is public ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.” (Greg Outlaw) In The 19th Century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels began to look at the social world in a structured way. Marx believed peoples economic life and their relationship to the means of production was one structure in society. He said that it was this…

Every resident of present Central and Eastern Europe has at least a basic understanding of communism, either from personal experience, or from history teachers and older relatives. But while the majority of Europe agrees that the Eastern Bloc’s socioeconomic system was fundamentally flawed, there are still many proponents of the Marxist-Leninist ideology. These advocates of the socialist state are the topic of the poem “Slavic gods” written by Andriy Bondar, a contemporary Ukrainian poet, who…

KARL POLANYI: The Great Transformation In the 19th century, economy was still “embedded” (Polanyi, 1992) in the society, that is economic activities were influenced by social, religious and political relationships existing between people. Earlier, market exchange of commodities depended on trust, barter system and mutual understanding. Polanyi distinguishes commodities into real and fictitious commodities. Real commodities are commodities that are produced for sale in market. Polanyi,…

Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher from Königsberg in Prussia (today Kaliningrad, Russia) who researched, lectured and wrote on philosophy and anthropology during the Enlightenment at the end of the 18th century. Kant published other important works on ethics, religion, law, aesthetics, astronomy, and history. These included the Critique of Practical Reason 1788, the Metaphysics of Morals 1797, which dealt with ethics, and the Critique of Judgment 1790, which looks at aesthetics and…

economic value that is not subordinated and anonymous items that takes place between strangers that does not require lasting social obligation or personal relationship between the exchangers. Mauss made a distinction between commodities and gifts based on Karl Marx’s work whereby he defines non-commodity (gift) exchange as an “exchange of inalienable things between transactors who are in a state of reciprocal dependence”. A gift being affiliated with the elements of the embodiment of sentiment,…

The Flawed Labour Theory of Value “Value theory is the core of Ricardo’s economics, and consequently the core of classical economics” (Senga, 2017, p.198). Having orientated Ricardo’s writing in the context of his predecessors and contemporaries, this essay hopes to have now highlighted the extent to which Ricardian thought developed naturally in line with classical economics. We shall now move to address two divisive elements of Ricardian thought, which are claimed to constitute a detour;…