Joint account

that included outer margins of the foot and ankle. A 68kVp, a 3.2mAs and a small FS was selected. The right marker was placed in IR. PACER Patient in a lateral recumbent position, affected side down. Flex affected limb 45°. Center and align ankle joint to CR. The plantar surface of foot is at a right angle. Include distal 1/3rd of tibia-fibula with the calcaneus in lateral profile. Collimate to include distal tibia and fibula and metatarsal area. Tuberosity of 5th metatarsals, navicular and…

Staff, 2017). OA is also referred to as joint failure. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of autoimmune arthritis that occurs mainly in the synovial tissue (Murphy, 2017). In normal joints, a firm, rubbery material called cartilage covers the end of each bone. Cartilage provides a smooth, flowing surface for joint motion and acts as a cushion between the bones. In OA, the cartilage breaks down, causing pain, swelling and problems moving the joint (Mayo Clinic, 2017). As this…

What is Plica syndrome? It is an irritation to the synovial membrane in the knee. This irritation is the result of repetitive friction to the tissue. Repetitive friction is due to abnormal forces at the knee, most likely in the kneecap and surrounding musculature, or may be caused by muscular weaknesses or structural abnormalities at the hip or foot, which place increased tension on the knee. “Plica syndrome can also be caused or made worse by increased activities. In some cases, a direct hit…

The joints act as connectors to all the bones of the body. Their job is to allow a person to move easily. They get a lot of use as a person ages, so they have to be tough. But they aren't impermeable to disease or injury. The most common sign that there is something wrong with one of the joints is pain. It can be caused by many medical conditions, but the following are some of the most common ones to occur: Rheumatoid Arthritis This severe type of arthritis is an autoimmune disease that is…

main types of arthritis that occur most commonly in both humans and animals, Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Osteoarthritis is considered “wear and tear” of the joints, whereas Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is due to the immune system not working properly. Both diseases are highly painful and can indicate to major bone and joint problems if not handled in the correct way. During RA the body mistakes antibodies against its own proteins, which then leads to the overreaction of the immune…

The human knee joint is a diarthrosis, or synovial joint, made up of multiple different tissues that work together to provide function. Everything from the outer layer of the skin to the core of the bone is necessary for the joint to articulate properly. The most superficial layer of the knee is the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body and is made up of the epidermis and dermis, which in turn are made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium as well as dense, irregular…

both the HC and VJ start with hips, knees flexed and ankles dorsi-flexed, with muscles going from an eccentric state to a concentric state very quickly to produce a rapid movement, ending up with a triple extension of those joints (Astorino et al., 2013). As these are the main joints involved in both the HC and VJ, the major muscle groups activated are the quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal, gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior (McBride, McCaulley, & Cormie, 2008). This type of movement is a…

1.1 Introduction: The incidence of zygomatic complex fracture is relatively high. A thorough understanding of the diagnosis and the surgical principles are of critical importance. The zygomatic bone provides the facial appearance, through its cheek prominence. This prominence plays an important role in the protection of the eye. Moreover, the zygomatic bone acts as a strong buttress for the absorption and transmission of masticatory forces to the base of skull. Therefore, the optimum reduction…

The rectus femoris however is straight down the front of the thigh, sitting on top of the vastus intermedialis. All four of these muscles come together to make one big tendon that comes over the knee. These muscles are the only extensor of the knee joint, therefore very important for…

The knee is made up of four main things: bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The knee is a ball in socket and the elbow is a relatively simple hinge joint which only allows flexion and extension. The radius is smaller of the two forearm bones and sits on the outside of the joint.As spoken about before the cruciate ligaments are made up of two types of ligaments, the anterior and the posterior. They are often referred to the ‘crucial’ ligaments because it is important that the help the knee…