John II of France

and all the nobles and church leaders within England. This was eventually broken up into two more sections. The House of Lords was run by nobles and church leaders, and the House of Commons was run by the knights and the people from each town. In France, there were three different estates. They were the clergy, the nobles, and the commoners. These different social and political classes eventually made up the Estates-General. The Estates-General was the first Parliament in French…

John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government was penned during a turning point in English history: the change from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. This work was written in the days following the Glorious Revolution in England, in which King James II was overthrown by his daughter Queen Mary and her husband William of Orange (King William III). This revolution came about as King James II refused to allow the free practice of religion within England and William promised that he…

that knew much about nationality. When she was a young girl, she heard voices from God telling her to drive the English out of her home country, France. She was able to rally up an army and lead them to victory at the battle of Orleans. She single handedly contributed to the formation of…

The origin of the roller coaster comes from Russia, in a particular area of what would later become St. Petersburg , where they sent sledders down 70-foot high slopes that were wood-framed ice slides. They have been doing this as early as the 16th century. The roller coasters were built out of wood with ice more than two but not a lot of inches thick covering the surface. There were stairs attached to the back of the slide that the riders climbed and then they sped down the fifty degree drop…

The Neolithic Age brought a variety of changes to Europe at around 4000 B.C. The usual life of hunting and gathering eventually turned into farming and domesticated life. Settlement meant that there was more room for monuments, burial grounds, and places for ritual ceremonies; such as megaliths and the one of the most famous of the kind, Stonehenge. Megalithic structures became the new popular form of building. The word megalith comes from the Greek words, mega meaning “great,” and lithos…

Rosalind Franklin’s story started in Notting Hill, London, United Kingdom. Her full name was Rosalind Elsie Franklin, and she was born to a rather conspicuous British Jewish family on July 25, 1920. The second of five children, three boys and two girls. Daughter of Muriel and Ellis Franklin, both of her parents originated from Jewish families that settled in England in the 1700s and 1800s. Her guardians owned banks and publishing companies. They were both educated and companionable people.These…

From the very beginning the regime was set up to fail due the stipulations set by Versailles. The peace terms caused Germany to struggle and impoverished them. According to Sir John Wheeler- Bennett, author of ‘The End of the Weimar Republic’, “the most remarkable thing about the Weimar Republic is not that it existed for only fifteen years but that it ever survived the circumstances of its nativity.” The Treaty was very severe…

Between 1553-1558, Mary I experienced limited pretender threats, the only one arising from her decision to marry the Spanish prince, Philip II. The prospect of a marriage alliance with Spain was unpopular with the English people who believed England would be involved in wars without the support of the nation. His strong Catholic faith combined with that of Mary’s also stirred up resentment and fear among the Protestant population in England and as a result, a Protestant courtier, Thomas Wyatt,…

Hospital in Washington, DC. There were a group of physiotherapy aides and occupational therapy aides who used arts and crafts to treat the mind and body. OTs worked with both orthopedic and psychiatric patients. The program was also implemented in France to help rehabilitate soldiers there. The approach proved to be beneficial to the Army, so the demand for services increased as the war went on. More and more schools started adding training courses that consisted of arts and crafts, medical…

problem, because she was the last of the Tudor dynasty. So if she did not produce an heir to the throne, her family’s reign would be over. Elizabeth had many suitors after her hand in marriage. Some of which included King of Spain, Sir William Pickering, John Frederic Duke of Saxony’s son, Prince Eric of Sweden, the Earl of Arundel, and the Earl of Arran (Sharnette). The people of England wanted Prince Eric since he was also a protestant. The problem with him was that he was not wealthy and he…