John II of France

Over the years, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) has become more common as infertile couples seek solutions to fulfill their desire for biological children. The procedure involves extracting eggs and sperms, which are then fused together in a Petri dish in a laboratory. The fertilized egg or eggs are later implanted in the woman. In addition to the many social implications, the Catholic Church has raised numerous moral issues with the process and has remained steadfast in its opposition to the…

Francois Fenelon’s life was marked by zealous devotion to the order, authority, and preservation of the Roman Catholic Church and this passion often led to many inconsistencies in his life and thinking. Born in 1651 in Perigord, France, Fenelon’s zeal for knowledge showed even as a young child. As a young boy he entered the Jesuit College at Cahors, the continued his education at the Jesuit College du Plessis, and finished his theological training at the Seminary of St Sulpice. At the age of…

devaluation of some of the most sacred rituals. It is true that the heart of Catholic teachings were untouched, and that the beliefs that are foundational to the religion remain intact. There is, however, a definite line between pro-Vatican II and anti-Vatican II. Modernization of Catholicism. The 1960’s were a very tumultuous time. There was so much change going on all around us. Women were fighting for their equality, many Americans were protesting against war, and young people were turning…

In Elizabeth Browning’s pleading letter to Napoleon III, Elizabeth uses many rhetorical devices in order to convince the Emperor of France to pardon Hugo. She flatters His Majesty Napoleon III in an attempt to win his goodwill. Second, she uses syntax in order to create an intelligent letter. Finally, she thoroughly explains her purposes to Napoleon. Thus using flattery, syntax, and logos, Browning was able to effectively persuade Napoleon III to pardon Hugo,had of course he sent the letter.…

Pope John Paul II claims that Eucharist symbolizes Christ 's connection with people and allows people to witness Christ’s real presence in Church during Eucharist to bless his followers. According to Pope John Paul II, ““This truth does not simply express a daily experience of faith, but recapitulates the heart of the mystery of the Church.” The essence of Pope John Paul II’s argument is that one can only perform Eucharist in a church on a set day as Pope John Paul II points out that this…

John of Damascus was born c. 675- 749 in Damascus under Muslim rule. His father was a Christian believer that was employed by the Caliph. John followed in his father’s footsteps working for the Caliph but eventually became a monk near Jerusalem, where he studied, wrote and preached. Some of John 's writings became the cornerstone for Greek Orthodox theology, however John is most known for the support of icons in the Catholic Church. John held the position of a iconophile, which means icon loving…

In the Late Middle Ages, Europe was plagued with corruption on a large scale. The Catholic Church was suffering in a state of uncertainty and lack of a strong foundation and person of authority. The Great Schism of 1054 greatly affected Europe and the rest of the modern world. This great rift between the Eastern and Western Churches caused the rapid development of each side in different ways. What were the effects of this schism on the Eastern part of Europe? The Eastern Catholic Church…

In The Prologue of The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer illustrates the medieval society. The Prologue is an introduction to the thirty-one characters, who go on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. The people in pilgrimage want to visit the relics of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral. Two of these characters are the Knight and the Squire. The Knight is the father of the Squire, and they both are warriors and gentleman, who ride their horses gallantly. Even though they have these similarities…

Populorum Progressio is an encyclical written by Pope Paul VI in 1967. The title of this encyclical means “One the Development of People”. In this encyclical, Pope Paul VI highlights urgent problems that must be dealt within weaker, undeveloped nations. The injustices that Pope Paul VI addresses include widespread hunger, poverty, disease and ignorance. Populorum Progressio is split into two sections; humankind's complete development and humankind’s common development. The development progress…

Second, during the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, the Roman Catholic Church’s approach to the issue of poverty shifted to include institutions and church-run programs in delivering charity. This shift, evident in a variety of sectors, was advantageous as it allowed more control and efficiency in the delivery of poor relief. For example, “the Quebec model, in which the church rather than the state provided social services, included an array of institutions from schools and…