John Allen Muhammad

only to the prophet Muhammad. In this paper, I will provide a broad overview and insight into Sunni Islamic Christology, including Quranic analysis of Jesus’ arrival, life, and legacy. The paper will also survey the most important accounts written by Muslim scholars over the centuries, from the birth of Islam to modern theologians.…

Seljuks were Turkic nomads from Turkmenistan, related to the Uighurs, who entered the Abbasid empire around 950 AD and gradually converted to Sunni Islam. By 1030 AD the Seljuks were beginning to try to get power for themselves, and they soon conquered the Ghaznavids (who were also Turkic) and controlled most of Persia (modern Iran). Their capital was at Isfahan. Like the Ghaznavids, the Seljuks spoke Persian and encouraged Persian culture. By 1055, the Seljuk king Togrul Beg had conquered Iraq…

Contrasting the rise of Islam in the first Caliphate to the final Islamic empire, encompassed in the Ottomans, shows many parallels while not being completely homogeneous. Both dominions grew through military conquest and both were ultimately unable to maintain central control of their outskirts, a consequence of inefficient delegation. They showed “tolerance” to non-Muslims through inequality under the law, higher taxes, and slavery. Many positions within their military and government…

The American Muslim religion is a small subculture in the United States, and approximately one percent of the total population in America according to Pew Research Center. This essay explains and narrates the various American Immigrant Muslims- (Africans, South, Middle east and North), their religious practices, beliefs, artifacts, and language. Most of the American immigrant Muslim were born in the U.S, and a small percent migrated with parents and families, seeking economic opportunities and…

Fred Donner’s Muhammad and the Believers: at the Origins of Islam presents itself as an interpretation of early Islamic history geared towards “nonspecialists” that attempts to take on a new paradigm of thought not conventionally held among his fellow historians. He prefaces his primary thesis with the context of paradigms of thought that were once held or were presently held at the time of the writing of his book. From the start, Donner asserts his belief in Islam’s beginnings taking root in a…

Muslim Australians experience discrimination and abuse on a daily basis. It is prime time that this should be put to full stop in Australia. Communities say the discrimination has been particularly noticeable since the Lindt Cafe siege last year. Research has shown that while 20 percent of Catholics face discrimination, 48 percent of Muslims are experienced with discrimination. This places them at the top when it comes to harsh pointing out of religious differences. They are not a risk to the…

Islam was created by the Arabic empire whom had minimal political unity within their own Islamic civilization creating patterns solely off their religion, in places such as India, West Africa and Anatolia. Some political and economic views these civilizations shared were the introduction of additional trade routes, untraditional commonalities, and the Islamic faith being forced upon them. Cross-cultural exchanges encountered within the spread of the Islamic religion are, trusted Islamic trade…

Islam that was founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as an expression of surrender to the will of Allah, the creator and sustainer of the world. 5. Who founded the religion? When Muhammad is known as rasul Allah, or God's Messenger to the Arabs, and to all of humanity. He was born in Mecca ca. 570 C.E., and died in Medina in 632. Most of what we know about Prophet Muhammad comes from the Quran, but we also have life stories written in the century after his…

Rather than explaining how humans have attempted to develop knowledge or how the Islamic people transmitted knowledge, the resource titled “The Spread of Christianity & Hypatia” offered information on how Christians resisted the spread of Islamic knowledge and how the Islamic scholars suffered for said knowledge. In the beginning, the text goes over the transition of the Christian population from one that was targeted to one that ruled as a defining majority; a majority embraced by the emperor…

Ibn al-Athir provided accounts of many tribes, nomadic and otherwise, in the Middle East from 1193 CE to 1231 CE in the third part of his translated chronicle. In these accounts he provides both his perceptions of these various groups as well as the perceptions of those that came in contact with them, many of whom he credits as sources. The four major groups were the Khwarazm Shahs, Mongols – also called Tatars, Byzantines – also called the Byzantine Romans and Byzantine Greeks, and the…