Jet Propulsion Laboratory

The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. At first the research was based at only a few universities, including; Columbia University, the University of Chicago and the University of California at Berkeley. Funds were given more freely, and the project increased at an advanced amount of speed. The nuclear facilities were built at Oak…

World War II was heated by multiple factors. Some of these factors included the Treaty of Versailles, Japanese Expansion, Fascism, and Hitler. World War II officially began on September 1, 1939 and continued until September 2, 1945 (“Key”). In the beginning of the war, small arms, submachine guns, and rifles were used. In addition to guns, the hand grenade, flame thrower, and tanks were also included in the action. As the war continued, it was observed that these particular weapons needed…

The Dispute over the Tilted Arc Introduction and Thesis In 1981, Richard Serra was commissioned by the federal government to create a permanent structure for the plaza of a federal building in Manhattan. Serra chose to create Tilted Arc, a twelve-foot-tall and 120-foot-long, curved slab of steel. However, its large size created a dispute among the general public in the surrounding community and the artists in support of Serra. Many members of the surrounding community were against the wall and…

J. Robert Oppenheimer had a very interesting life that undoubtedly influence his works in science. He was born on April 22, 1904 in New York City, New York. The Oppenheimers were Ashkenazi Jews. In his childhood, J. Robert Oppenheimer moved to Manhattan. Early on, Oppenheimer attended Alcuin Preparatory School. However, in 1911, he switched and began attending the Ethical Culture Fieldston School. His family was a part of the Ethical Culture Society. The Ethical Culture Society was an outgrowth…

Positive Effects of the Manhattan Project The United States is estimated to spend between six hundred and twenty billion dollars to six hundred and sixty one billion dollars on nuclear weapons over the next decade (PloughShares). The start of nuclear weaponry began when the test bomb, Gadget, was detonated on July 16, 1945 in Alamogordo, New Mexico. The Manhattan Project was a secret operation which the United States perfected the atomic bomb. Many people did not know about the Manhattan…

surroundings, since they, the mothers of children, started to notice that many young children were getting diagnosed with childhood cancers that were rare. They wanted further and deeper examinations being done on the land near the Santa Susana Field Laboratory located in the hills above Simi Valley and the San Fernando Valley. This site had a partial nuclear meltdown in 1959 and the amount of radioactive substances that were released into the land and air were unknown. The site has not been…

Peter Ediger was important to the Nevada test site because he was one of the founding committee members of the Pace e Bene which was a nonviolence service. His committee was in charge of fighting against the test site to try and stop the bombing going on. Ediger and three other people, Louis Vitale, Alain Richard, and Julia Occhiogrosso, started the committee in the mid-eighties and got groups of people together to shut down the Nevada test site. Ediger is a religious man, which many people were…

Julius Robert Oppenheimer was a key factor in the development in the atomic bomb, and, though his work was not completely recognized until his death, his accomplishments are the basis of theoretical physics today. This book by Ray Monk describes the life of Oppenheimer through the theoretical physicist’s and his college’s works. Monk speaks of Oppenheimer’s work during the Manhattan project and how this wartime affair caused a shift of theoretical physics to the United States; furthermore, he…

The Manhattan Project was in the early 1939. The German have found out how to make the first Uranium atom bomb. The Uranium atom bomb can do a lot of damage to a place if it happen to go off. Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi felt the need that the president needed to know of the great danger that may be ahead of them. Fermi traveled all the way to Washington to tell the government officials his concern, not a lot of them shared the same uneasiness that he did. Einstein then had to send a letter…

Additionally, MARSIS, the radar sounder on the Mars Express Orbiter, despite being relatedly deployed due to safety concerns, was able to operate successfully in it’s study of the atmosphere and search for water (The Planetary Society, 2016; Jet Propulsion Laboratory,…