Jaundice

CC Mrs. Amazeen is an 86-year-old female here today for a followup. She would like to talk about her visit with Roger Epstein, MD, regarding her abnormal findings on CT of her liver. HPI The patient tells me that she was not exactly happy with her visit with Dr. Epstein. After reviewing her CT dated August 26, 2015, it does show abnormal vascularity within the left lobe of the liver with increase in size when compared to 2011. Dr. Epstein reportedly gave her three options. One was to do…

Yellow fever was an epidemic in the U.S. during the 19th century with cases reported as far north as Philadelphia. The last known case happened in New Orleans in 1905 resulting to many deaths. Flavivirus also know as Yellow fever virus is a RNA virus. The enveloped is spherical and about 50 nm in diameter. The surface proteins are composed in an icosahedral-like symmetry (Dao, 2010). Full grown virions contain two virus-encoded membrane proteins (M and E), while immature virions have a membrane…

Novelist Edith Wharton stated that “at every process of his tale the novelist must rely on what may be called the illuminating incident to reveal and emphasize the inner meaning of each situation”. The author of A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway, took her words into account as he created many “illuminating moments” for the reader. These instances act as casements to solidify the meaning and theme of the novel. Hemingway tells of an episode like this in which an American driver on the Italian…

In just this year to come, more than 46,420 people in the U.S. will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Out of them, about 39,590 people will die from the disease – that’s 85%. While all types of cancer may be fatal, pancreatic cancer is ranked number 4 on the list of deadliest cancers ("Pancreatic Cancer Facts"). Whether the cancer was acquired genetically or due to a carcinogen (a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue), it will go on to affect the cancer patient and everyone in…

What is vibrio Vulnificus? Vibrio Vulnificus is a bacterium from the genus Vibrio. Across most countries Vibrio Vulnificus is a rare cause of illness and is not notifiable in Queensland. From hospital data, in the financial year of 2010/2011 there were 16 hospitalisations reported as being associated with Vibrio Vulnificus. It is naturally found in warm (warmer than 180C) sea and estuarine waters throughout the world and is therefore common in many tropical or subtropical regions. Vibrio…

Each part of the human body is susceptible to some kind of disease. Heart disease, Meningitis, and crippling neurological disorders to name a few. The liver is no exception. Hepatitis is the name for inflammation of the liver, and Hep. C is a category of the many forms of liver inflammation. It is a contagious virus existing as an illness that attacks the liver in different ranges of severity throughout one's lifetime (CDC, 2016). The Hepatitis C Virus attacks the liver, is transmitted through…

Yellow Fever Yellow fever is a potentially deadly infection that has the power to kill with just a bite from a mosquito. This infection, that mainly began in the 1900’s, has caused many people to have nasty symptoms and even death. This potent disease has gruesome consequences if it is allowed to reach the further stages, and it has the ability to transmit rapidly within a short period of time. The initial symptoms will appear three to six days after being bitten by a mosquito. The three to…

Congenital optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a condition in which one or both optic nerves are not fully developed, giving the appearance of abnormally small, pale optic nerve heads upon fundus examination (AAPOS, n.d.). In comparison to the size of the disc, the retinal blood vessels appear larger than normal, when in actuality the vasculature is of normal caliber (Kaur et al, 2013). This non-progressive developmental abnormality is typically characterized by a combination of neurological,…

When people think of steroids, they think of anabolic steroids only - steroids that enhance muscle growth, made famous by bodybuilders and athletes who used them to get an edge on their competitors. However, these are far from the only type of steroids. A steroid is defined as a molecule with 4 carbon rings, 3 rings with 6 carbons and 1 with 5 carbons. They can include hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins. Estrogen, progesterone, cholesterol and vitamin D are all examples of steroids. They’re not…

In the absence of human nature, where must an individual find solace in society? Mary Shelley ponders the answer to this ceaseless question in the novel Frankenstein. In doing so, she unveils the original conception of evil and the perils of societal rejection. While "the instruments of life" may promise existence, Shelley asserts that "a spark of being" cannot imbue a lifeless creature with the ability to civilize itself (Shelley 58). The scientific realm of thought will always fail without…