James Cromwell

out of England and Holland. Non separatist Puritans who remained in England responded to this persecution with the English Civil War (1641-51), which led to the execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and the rise of Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell was a Puritan. He was a highly religious man who believed that everybody should lead their lives according to what was written in the Bible. He was one of the most famous and influential leaders of the puritan movement. Religion played the…

What is foreign? What is English? These questions at first glance seems simple in modern times and are frequently asked by many scholars and writers in a postmodern landscape especially in England. In turn, we continue to ask the question of “what or who is considered foreign?” in context to the country of our origin. The great English poet John Milton, known for his great epic poem Paradise Lost, asked himself these questions as he set out to write a series of poems and works that would help…

Disliked until the beginning of the 19th century, admired ever since, historians have tried for centuries to understand the ruler of the only Republic of England. Either seen as a dictator or an admirable leader, Oliver Cromwell is certainly a controversial figure. His use of military force is quite opposed to his ideology of religion toleration. And indeed, faith was a very important matter in Cromwell’s political life. We might wonder if his time at the head of the Commonwealth was crowned…

In 1642, when King Charles I entered the House of Commons seeking the arrest of the five Members alleged to have supported the Scottish invasion against his reign, he not only created Parliamentary history, but also laid the foundation of what is known today as ‘Parliamentary Privilege’. In response to King Charles I’s questions about the whereabouts of these Members, the Speaker William Lenthall famously remarked that “I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place but as the…

INTRODUCTION Charles II was a king of England, Scotland, and Ireland whose restoration to the throne in 1660, marked the end of republican rule in England. He was asked by Parliament to rule England after the death of Oliver Cromwell. Charles was known for his cavorting lifestyle and feuds with Parliament. Early Life Charles was born May 29, 1630. He is the second son of Charles I and Henrietta Marie of France. In 1642, civil war broke out between Parliament and Charles I over his claim of…

failures of Oliver Cromwell brought a relapse of the Stuart dynasty, of what he had once tried to eliminate. Even though he ended the rule of Charles I of England, in the end his strict governing led to the rebellion of the English people against him. This led to Charles II, Charles I’s son, to rule, in a way, relapsing his father’s rule. Oliver Cromwell’s main purpose of the disposal of the king Charles I was he was ruling England as a absolutist; although, that is what Oliver Cromwell himself…

Tongues under Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England. Although these illustrious positions may seem to paint the picture of a politician and advocate of democracy however, MIlton was more anarchistic than democratic. John Milton did not necessarily believe in people having power over their lives, but rather recognized the flaws in the current system of monarchies…

The Fronde known in english and Le Fronde known as in french, was a series of civil wars that occurred in France between the years 1648 and 1653. Louis the XIV was in charge during this era and was making an attempt to check the growing power of royal government; its failure prepared the way for the absolutism of Louis XIV’s personal reign. The Fronde was a reaction to the policies that were started under the Cardinal de Richelieu, chief minister of Louis XIII from 1624 to 1642, who had weakened…

opposed to this idea. The war continued on for several years, initially with neither sides succeeding. Later, the English Civil War took a turning point at the Battle of Naseby when Parliament’s side gained a major victory under the lead of Oliver Cromwell. After surrendering to the Scottish, being sold to Parliament, escaping, and then being tried for treason after his side was defeated at the Battle of Preston, King Charles I was tried for treason and then executed. This event showed that the…

dust.’ But another reason is important to mention; indeed Cromwell was as we stated before an important military figure and the army which he described as ‘the militants as the core of those who were God’s people’ was his costly way to control people disagreeing with his government, so it was important for him to be in good terms with the head of the army, that is to say John Lambert, John Disbrowe and Charles Fleetwood. When Cromwell said he was ready to accept to be crowned King, they…