Ivan Pavlov

Learning approach / behaviourist approach In the learning approach they believe that all behaviour is learnt from the environment after birth, that everyone born is born with a ‘Tabula Rasa’ and Latin phrase meaning ‘blank slate’. All the behaviour and knowledge all then comes from associations and interactions with people around us and environment we are bought up in which is learnt from observation and others around us modelling behaviour. New types of behaviours which are formed from…

individual through the course of their life. There are three (3) primary goals of developmental psychology – describe, explain, and optimize development. Albert Bandura beliefs are closely aligned with that of the behaviorists such as B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov; however, Bandura stresses the importance of how social experiences affect children’s cognitive operations that ultimately change their behavior. In addition, Bandura has four (4) theories that have revolutionized developmental…

that the basic laws of learning are the same for all species, including humans. There are many forms of learning like associative learning, classical conditioning, and cognitive learning. Environment is part of many learning process, for instance, in Ivan…

Throughout history animals have been used for research. In 258 BC, a Greek physician and scientist named Aristotle did experiments on living animals. The experiments that Aristotle did was never for medical research. Instead it was to gain knowledge about animals. However in 199 AD another Greek physician named Galen did animal experiments, but only to advance his understanding for science. Also, during the twelfth century there was an Arab physician named Zuhr that did animal experiments for…

My cats’ behaviors and psychology Psychology was a new thing to me when I enrolled in this class. I used to think that psychology was only judging the mental state of a patient by asking what they have dreamt of or how they felt. However, after I have participated in several lectures about psychology, I knew that psychology is more than that. Every move, every perception, every memory can be classified into psychology and there are always theories explaining people’s behaviors and their…

"Psychology" derives from the word 'psyche ' meaning 'soul, mind, spirit ' and 'logos ' meaning 'study or science '(etymonline, 2014). Psychology involves the study of complex and abstract things such as emotions, drives, memory and behaviour therefore, psychologists have always shared disagreements over the correct approach to study Psychology thus, a variety of psychological schools were founded. Specific conditions in society created favourable or unfavourable conditions for the…

In the teaching profession as an Integrated Science teacher, for the past six years, I must agree that students do learn differently. As teachers we must cater to their various learning styles or we will be faced with students who gets bored or those who stare at us in bewilderment and confusion over not being able to understand the lesson. If we consider this very important fact that not all our students are the same, then when planning and preparing as good teachers we will include…

Classical and Operant Conditioning Name Institutional Affiliation Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical and operant conditioning are two significant concepts essential to behavioural psychology. Classical conditioning was studied by Ivan Pavlov and it involves pairing a previously neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus triggers a response naturally and automatically. In classical conditioning, learning refers to involuntary responses that result…

The word personality is originally from the Latin word called “persona”. It means a theatrical mask worn by performers in order to project different roles or identities. Personality can be defined as the combination of qualities or characteristics which form an individual’s unique character that different from others. The differences are referring to the individuals’ pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving. In order to explain personality, it can be ranging from genetics to the roles of…

As they develop and perceive their own individuality within their community, they also gain skills to communicate with other people and process their actions. For instance, learning new words as a nda was cleartoddler, to being able to resist peer pressure as a high school student, how a child develops friendships and other relationships to successfully navigating the challenges of adulthood. The four ‘Grand theories’ about child development are built on the fundamental idea about children’s…