Istanbul

Dear Brother, it is I, your sister, Eudokia Laskarina, writing to you from Ravenna. I have awful news concerning our former homeland. I am terribly heartbroken to say that it is no longer. Many of our former friends and family perished in the awful, frightening battle, including my fiancé, who was felled by the sword as he was doing his best to defend the city. I am very thankful you escaped the deadly siege the city was forced to endure. I am afraid it has been the Turkish people who were…

The Ottoman Empire was one of the greatest, far- reaching and longest lasting empire the world had ever seen. It is widely accepted as the most influential of the Islamic empires of the modern period whose cultural and political expansion is considered responsible for shaping a significant portion of Central Asian and European history. In “Salonica City of Ghosts” Mazower recreates the cultural, ethnic, economical and religious history of Salonica, one of the most important cities of the Ottoman…

The Ottoman Empire was powerful and perfect till the sixteenth century because they used the diversity or the multiculturalism in the Empire, and they had many benefits from it. The European countries were in the Dark Ages, and they were governed poorly while the Ottoman Empire was governed perfectly in the International System. But, after 16th century, something happened to the Ottoman Sultans because both the Sultans and the Grand Viziers began to misbehave and think about their benefits, so…

The Great Mosque of Djenné is the largest historical mud mosque in the sub-Saharan region and is considered by many to be the greatest achievement of the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style. (2) Djenné is located 30 km Southwest of Mopti (the regional capital) and 570 km Northeast of Bamako (the national capital). It is one of the oldest towns of sub-Saharan Africa. (3) The sculptural beauty, intelligence, and originality behind the Great Mosque of Djenné are a product of architectural…

The Ottoman Empire, also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of southeastern Europe, western Asia and northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I.After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman Beylik was transformed into a…

• Trading - Mehmed had a considerable interest in the trading and industrial sector in the nation. and he worked tirelessly on renovating them in all ways possible. Ottomans had a great amount of knowledge about international markets, seaways, roadways and they developed and upgraded old pathways, they also created new bridges which made transportation of goods much easier throughout the empire. Foreign countries had to make deals with the Ottoman Empire in order for them to practice the…

The End of Byzantium, by Jonathan Harris, seeks to argue against popular thought that the Ottomans and the Byzantines fought due to their different religions, but that the two were often trading partners that adopted some of each other 's culture. Furthering that the real cause of the down fall of the Byzantine Empire were policies of power grabbing on both sides with the Byzantine trying to meddle in Ottoman policies and made several unwise alliances while the Ottoman 's sultans needed…

Ataturk’s Speech Beyond the Words Armenian Genocide, Greek Genocide, and Assyrian Genocide, all of these horrific acts lead to one geographical route “Asia Minor” or what is currently known as the Republic of Turkey. After abolishing the office of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet VI in 1922, the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey is announced with Mustafa Kemal Ataturk as its first president. Mustafa Kamal Ataturk is an army officer and the organizer of a militant independent nationalist movement…

Disciplining Modern Turkey: Historiographical analysis of the Ideology of Mustafa Kemal “Atatürk” The longevity of the Ottoman Empire is undeniable. From its beginnings in 1299 to its end in 1922 the Ottomans were one of the world’s longest functioning empires, with its geography reaching to large parts of Africa, Asia, and Arabia. Though the Ottoman’s lasted seven centuries, the empire was in an increasing state of tortuous decline beginning in the sixteenth century. This decline was inflicted…

Trade in Early Modern Venice and Ottoman Societies The Mediterranean world in early modern times was exceptionally complex and divided, though at the same time connected in ways that allowed each to learn from the other without giving up their individuality. This paper’s intent is to delve into what made the trade relations between the Ottoman Empire and Christian Europe, with a heavy focus on Venice, function while allowing each side to retain its individuality and take from the other culture.…