Isotopes of carbon

The third energy level has 18 electrons. The fourth energy level has six valence electrons. Selenium has forty-five neutrons. Selenium has the atomic number of thirty-four. The atomic mass is 78.96 for Selenium. It has 20 isotopes. The most stable isotope is Se (Selenium). Selenium is in the Chalcogen family. The Chalcogen family consists of Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium, and Polonium.…

Reduction involves increasing the number of carbon hydrogen bonds by adding hydrogen across a double or triple bond which results in an increase in electron density at the carbon atom. Organic functional groups containing double and triple bonds which undergo reduction are unsaturated. The reduction of the double bond by addition of hydrogen atoms results in the product being fully saturated. Metal hydride reducing agents that have different reactivities toward specific functional groups are…

The World witnessed a struggle for the control of oil in 1973, the decisions of which ultimately lead to globalization. As America saw the pace of life quicken in the twentieth century with the use of cars, planes, airplanes and appliances, the demand for oil to fuel this development increased. Believing that there was endless energy, the American way of life had an insatiable appetite for oil. Up until 1950 the United States had been able to supply its own energy needs, but in less than 25…

In 2010, St. Patrick's Day started out as a normal day for Jamie Laiaddee. She had gotten her oiled changed at Greulich’s Automotive, local mechanic, and was expecting to start her new job the next day a year after being laid off. The 32 year old had no idea that she would drop off the face of the earth. A California girl, Jamie was born in Los Angeles on October 12th, 1977. Her family, of Tai decent, had made the decision to move to the United States in search of a better life. Jamie was a…

The maximum limit of the threshold is often described as 350 to 450 parts per million of carbon dioxide. Above this threshold is declared the limit of carbon dioxide mitigation that will result in a positive feedback system as that will send atmospheric carbon dioxide to record levels in years to come (given the threshold of social and economic reality). Nuclear power often gets a lot of criticism from people who advocate…

Theq element on the Periodic table that is best representation of my personality would be element 13, Aluminum. Properties of Aluminum its included high melting point, conductivity, malleability, and non-toxicity. Aluminum’s high melting point represents my determined personality. This is because I can face adversity well. Even when situations occur that are extremely unfavorable I am able to keep a cool head and think straight. I can persevere and stay strong allowing myself to solve and get…

Experiment 5: Anions and Redox Reactions Introduction (a) Objectives General: To examine the importance of potassium permanganate as an oxidising agent and the strong powers of halogens in oxidation. Part 1 Determining the colour associated with a certain halogen by adding a sample of the halogen to cyclohexane and recording the colours observed. Part 2 Identifying a halogen referring to the colours recorded in part 1, by reacting the halogen with a halide and observing the colour present.…

3.4. Friction Characteristics of the NCD, MCD and boron doped NCD Coatings against Alumina Balls The friction coefficient curves of NCD, MCD and boron-doped diamond films sliding with Al2O3 balls are shown in figure 4, figure 5 and figure 6, respectively, for a sliding speed of 8 m/s and a load of 1N, 5N and 10N, respectively. Figure 4 (a), figure 5 (a) and figure 6 (a) show the friction coefficient of NCD, MCD and BDNCD at 1 N, respectively. Figure 4 (b), figure 5 (b) and figure 6 (b) show…

Chalcone and Pyrylium Syntheses and Analyses Done by: Natalie Almond & Sophie Troyer in approved collaboration Introduction Photoredox catalysis uses light to excite the catalytic compounds, producing an effective oxidizing agent.1 The oxidizing agent can remove an electron from the desired compound for reaction, making it easier to synthesize molecules.1 One example of the utility of photoredox catalysis is the “production of lignan cyclobutanes,” which have many important pharmaceutical…

 Comment: The three bonds (one solid line, one wedged line and one dashed line) that are attached to the + carbon atom are turned inside out. If the starting material has Br on the right side of the + carbon atom, the final product will have OH on the left side of the + carbon atom and vice versa.  Comment: There is only one hump for the energy profile of an SN2 reaction. As we shall see later, there are two humps for the energy profile of an SN1 reaction. One easy way to…