Isotope

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient to all forms of life and is required for building DNA, RNA and amino acids (Paytan, 2011). Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient in ecosystems, along with nitrogen, and therefore its abundance determines the amount of primary production that can occur within a system (Schindler, 1971). The two main types of phosphorus are inorganic phosphate minerals, such as calcium phosphate rock that is mined for fertilizer, and organic compounds containing phosphorus…

A half life is the time taken for a substance to decay to half its original mass and a half life of 110 min allows the radioactive isotope to decay from your body rapidly enough to minimalise the dosage of radiation that is received by the patient. However the 110 minute half-life is supplementary for the storage of the isotope and will allow for it to sustain its radioactivity during the time-consuming process of a PET Scan. The radioactive tracer consists of fluoride-18 chemically…

6.3 Research question #3 How do mercury stable isotopes ratio change in mercury bio-uptake and bio-magnification in an Arctic marine ecosystem? There is still debate in the scientific community about Hg trophic transfer and/or in vivo transformations lead to MDF and MIF of Hg isotopes (Bergquist and Blum, 2007; Perrot et al., 2012; Senn et al., 2010; Kwon et al., 2012; Das et al., 2009). The MDF and MIF signatures of food webs may help to identify major sources and processes leading to…

facility to export its product which leads to revenue. However, it along with a plant in Norway that also accounts for a large portion of worldwide supply are being shut down. If scientists working at the plants could find ways to stockpile these isotopes, shortages could be avoided. The reactors are also involved in research; in order to reduce funding costs, national governments have required them to sell the molybdenum-99 they produce at below market price (a 6-day curie of Mo-99 production…

Gallium is one of those elements that is used in industry every day. Gallium was discovered in Paris at the private laboratory of Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1831-1912) at 3 a.m. on August, 1875. He observed a new violet line in the atomic spectrum of some zinc he had extracted from a sample of zinc blende ore (ZnS) from the Pyrenees. He knew it meant that an unknown element was present. Gallium comes from Gallia, the Latin name for France. Gallium also has origins in the Latin word Gallus.…

2. Case Studies 2.1 The Italian Outcasts The first case study I will analyze is what I call "The Italian Outcasts". The Italian Outcasts refer to multiple cemeteries located in the Veneto Region of Italy. This area contains over 30 cemetery contexts with as many as 2000 graves, and has been excavated at various times by various researchers (Perego 2014, p. 161; Saracino et al. 2014, p. 3). These cemeteries have been dated to the Bronze and Iron Ages, where the custom funerary rite was…

these reactions. In stars other than red giants, these are the two favored reactions that produce energy. III. Conclusion Bethe's work discovered the precise reactions in stars using certain probabilities of nuclear reactions, and stability of isotopes. There are many minor reactions that happen in stars that are unsubstantial to the production of energy in a star. Many nuclear reactions that would result in a heavier element than C12, but the probability of these happening are minimal and…

used to have at minimum seven times as much water as it does today with there being enough water to cover almost 20% of mars’ surface. We know this because the isotope of hydrogen deuterium is heavily present on Mars. Knowing this allows us to hypothesize how much water was once on Mars billions of years ago. Hydrogen is lighter then its isotope deuterium so it escapes the atmosphere faster leaving behind large amounts of deuterium which seems to indicate that there was at one time a large…

that shows evolutionary changes in species or organisms populations that are alive today. Radioisotope dating gauges the age of rocks and fossils by looking at the scale of isotopes in the rocks. Isotopes are separate forms of an atom that make up matter on earth. Some of the isotopes, the ones called radioactive isotopes, throw away particles over an amount of time and change into different particles. The fossil record of change in extinct species gives us an undeniable record of past…

Introduction Iron is the foundation of the core of earth. Our very blood contains Iron. In simple words Iron is essential for life. This paper will also address relation of Iron with other types of elements and what makes it different from the others. The importance of Iron is immense in this world and there are many reasons for that. Iron is a brittle, hard substance found on the list of transitional metals in the periodic table on group 8 and period four. It is classified as a transitional…