Isotope

economies as compared to hunter gatherers. As for direct evidence of diet, stable isotope analysis is the best method of determining diet. Dry bone has an organic portion of 30% and of this percentage 85% to 90% of the organic portion is collagen. Both collagen and carbonate can be used to obtain the information for stable isotope analysis. There is a debate as to what is the better tissue for usage in stable isotope analysis, and it seems to be that carbonate is the better option of the two.…

cranial features. In this group, males greatly outnumbered females. Strontium isotope analysis of the enamel of the first molar was conducted on samples from 105 individuals. Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of the first molar enamel was also done on a diversified sample of 55 from the original 105. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of the bones was acquired in a previous study (Killgrove and…

Exponential decay can be described using the mathematical model y=a×e^(-bx). A prominent example of naturally occurring random exponential decay is the process of radioactive decay. Some isotopes of nature are considered radioactive due to a specific characteristic of their nucleus. Radioactive isotopes, or radioisotopes, do not contain the proper amount of neutrons. As a result of this, the nucleus of radioisotopes is unstable. The instability causes them to emit particles or electromagnetic…

Contrary to the title, the discovery of astatine was anything but a momentary process. Many scientists discovered different astatine isotopes, atoms with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons, but were unable to either reproduce their results or keep the isotope in existence for any useful amount of time. After decades of possible discovery and rediscovery, astatine was officially included in the periodic table of elements with the abbreviation At and an atomic number of…

number of beans to produce the percent abundance for each type of bean. These were the numbers that we had to produce in order to understand how and why there are many types of isotopes for each element. In doing this lab, we can think through the importance of finding the average atomic mass and not just using a single isotope for an element. 1. A weighted average must be used to calculate the average atomic mass of Beanium because, unlike a real element on the periodic table, the…

1.b) The atomic mass refers to the mass of one isotope of lead (the total number of protons + the total number of neutrons in the atom ) in this case for lead it is ( 208Pb) 208. 82 , and it is fundamentally different from relative atomic mass, which refer to the weighted average of all the atomic masses of the isotopes of lead and one atomic mass unit (amu) is equal to…

Relative dating and radioactive dating have semi major difference in determining the age of fossils. Some differences would be the techniques and methods used to determine the age of a fossil. Also another difference would be the process and the different types of dating that will work to find the age for that fossil. As well as the many terms that goes in the processes for dating fossils. Relative dating does not give an actual date for the fossils. Relative dating is used to organize…

more harm than good Radioisotopes are isotopes of an element, which are radioactive. Radioactivity is a spontaneous transformation of an atomic nucleus accompanied by energetic radiation. In this process the radioactive atomic nucleus also known as the mother nucleus transform into a daughter nucleus that may belong to another element. This daughter nucleus will often be radioactive and decay to a new daughter nucleus until it ends up with a stable nucleus. Isotopes are shortly, atoms of the…

A radioactive isotope an element with different masses meaning the neutron to proton ratio is uneven which makes the nucleus unstable and also removes energy by releasing radiation in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays. Radioactive isotopes have a high pertinence in the medical field especially for cancer. Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope that is widely utilized as a radiation source to suppress the development of cancer. Cobalt-60 therapy is used to let the doctor give higher doses of…

dinosaurs were either endotherms or ectotherms with alterations from what we see today, or had their own method of thermoregulation which lies somewhere between the two. Since it’s difficult to obtain samples of dinosaurs, whether it be from bone isotope compositing, ranges of growth/age of different species or bone structure, therefore it’s difficult to extrapolate data which may contradict with another researcher’s work. There is a wide variety of techniques used to determine thermoregulation,…