Isotonic

Jessica Grandier Bio 204 section 201 Case Study 1a What are the normal values for PH, Erythrocyte count, Leucocyte count, Platelet count. ( 1 point each) The normal values for PH are 7.35-7.45, the normal erythrocyte count for males is 4.7 - 6.1*10^6 /ul million and for women it is 4.2 -5.4*10^6/ ul million, Leucocyte count is 4,800-10,00 mmm^3 of blood and normal platelet count is 150,00-450,00 platelet for microliters. 1b What are the terms used for increase and decrease in PH…

the solution into the red blood cells down its osmotic gradient. Too much water moves into the red blood cells which cause them to rapture and release the haemoglobin. Erythrocytes have an internal NaCl concentration of 0.3M and this solution is isotonic. If the cells are placed in a hypertonic solution water will move from the cells to the solution causing crenation of the cells (Goodhead and MacMillan,…

and cure dehydration, heat stroke, and muscle cramps, and improve performance (Cohen, 2012) these claims may not have much scientific support (hence leading to the banning of Lucozade’s advert making that claim.) lead to a boom in sales for these isotonic drinks, and being the sort after solution to dehydration, due to their claims, its no surprise that they now serve a firm place in marathon running. The use of the drinks has lead to them being linked to the exercise associated disease…

Incorporating physical activity is crucial for insulin therapy as it enhances cellular sensitivity to insulin and can escalate glucose intolerance. Exercise will also benefit cardiovascular function, weight control and overall increased health. Finding a cautious balance between moderate and vigorous exercise is important because increased exercise will cause hypoglycemia. Allowing time for consistent glycemic control before starting an exercise program is strongly encouraged. Blood sugar…

Introduction: The administration of intravenous fluids (IV), is one of the most common and widely used interventions in the medical field, across the world. 'Intravenous' simply means within vein (Wikipedia encyclopaedia). IV therapy is an extremely efficient and effective method of supplying various fluids and medications into the body system which produce rapid effects and it also allows for injecting and administering large volumes of, again, any additional fluids or medications compared to…

advanced concentration. The procedure of osmosis is vital for all living entities. So, to understand Osmosis is to understand all living things. When a solution that has the same osmotic weight as another substance, mostly one in a cell is said to be Isotonic because the solutes inside and outside of the cell or the same (Microscopy and Microscopes Magazine 2013). They balance each other out. If concentration of a solute is less outside the cell versus inside the cell, the cell tends to be…

Observing the Effects of Osmosis on Model Cells of Different Sucrose Concentrations Cells are the building block of life. But these cells aren’t a closed system. There is a constant movement of various molecules in and out of the cell that brings nutrients in and brings waste out. This movement of particles in and out of cells is based around osmosis. It is written in the Lab Manual (2014) “Osmosis is diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane” (p. 97). In this experiment,…

5/kg/hour) and, 4. Superior vena cava oxygenation saturation (the percentage of oxygen being returned to the right atrium) or mixed venous oxygen saturation (of 70% or 65% respectively). In order to achieve these goals, a minimum of 30ml/kg of isotonic crystalloid fluid is required for sufficient volume resuscitation. Aiming for haemodynamic stability warrants continued administration of fluids until this is deemed futile. Moreover, patients with hypotension unresponsive to the initial fluid…

5/kg/hour) and, 4. Superior vena cava oxygenation saturation (the percentage of oxygen being returned to the right atrium) or mixed venous oxygen saturation (of 70% or 65% respectively). In order to achieve these goals, a minimum of 30ml/kg of isotonic crystalloid fluid is required for sufficient volume resuscitation. Aiming for haemodynamic stability warrants continued administration of fluids until this is deemed futile. Moreover, patients with hypotension unresponsive to the initial fluid…

Powerade is Gatorade's Main Competitor and it is manufactured by the Coca Cola Company. Powerade was introduced in 1988 with the intention to compete with Gatorade in sports drinks sales. The company has five strategic business units based on geographic operating regions: North America Latin America Europe Pacific Africa and Eurasia Target Market: Individuals aged between 13 -40 Market Share: 28.8% Company objectives: Powerade has been refining its portfolio to target various market segments…