Isomer

Figure 3. Possible reaction mechanism for the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Based on the findings from all of the used techniques, the species formed in the beginning are ammonium ion, oxygen and chlorine species. The decomposition products of ammonium ion were hydroxylamine, ammonia and nitrogen dioxide. The perchlorate ion loses one of the oxygen atoms and forms chlorate ion. The ammonia is lost in reaction through formation of hydroxylamine, which is formed in reaction between…

An enzyme is a macromolecule that acts as a catalyst in which it speeds up reactions by lowering activation energy (Campbell 151,152). Activation energy is the energy that is required for a reaction to take place (Campbell 152). In the reactions there are substrates which are reactants that enzymes act on (Campbell 153). Enzymes bind to the substrates then creating an enzyme-substrate complex, and while the two are joined together the catalytic action of the enzyme changes the substrate to the…

Introduction: Enzymes play a major role in biological systems to catalyze and control different reactions. The study of enzymes’ behaviors toward substrates and products is significant to understand various enzyme catalyzed reactions in living organisms. One of the most important enzymatic group is cytochrome P450 (CYP450) which contribute to the metabolism of many endogenous as well as exogenous substances such as drugs. Although there are several subtypes of CYP450 family, CYP450 1A1 is going…

Introduction: The life and works of Lewis Carroll: Charles Dodgson, born in 1832 to Charles Dodgson (a clergyman) and Frances, in Daresbury, England, took the pen name, Lewis Carroll. Lewis has ten other siblings as well. “He told his brothers and sisters stories, made up games and wrote magazines with them,” (Woolf, Pg.1) says Edward Wakeling, having spent 12 years annotating Dodgson’s diaries. Lewis apparently loved to entertain children, and they loved him as well.. At eighteen, Lewis…

History of Drugs in the Olympics Drug use in sports has been suspected to have existed since the Roman times in which Gladiators would be given stimulants to stop fatigue and even their horses would be given hydromel, a substance which would enable them to run faster (Ramlan Abdul Aziz,2006). However the first documented case of drugs and stimulants being used in sports wasn’t until 1904 when marathon runner, Thomas Hicks, was injected twice with a substance called Strychnine, which is more…

Aim: To investigate the effect of change in length of the carbon chain and the position of the functional group (-OH group) on the enthalpy of combustion of alcohol Variables: Table 1.1: List of all variables used in the experiment Type of Variable Name of the Variable (For trial 1: To investigate the effect of change in length of carbon chain on the enthalpy of combustion of alcohol) Name of the variable (for trial 2: To investigate the effect of change in position of the OH group on the…

"Unsaturated" refers to the fact that the molecules contain less than the maximum amount of hydrogen. These materials exist as cis or trans isomers depending on the geometry of the double bond. TWO TYPE OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID I. OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID II. OMEGA 6 FATTY ACID OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID Omega-3 fatty acids — also called ω-3 fatty acids or n-3 fatty acids[1] — arepolyunsaturated fatty…

1. Amlodipine is a medication used to lower blood pressure and prevent chest pain. It belongs to a group of medications known as long acting dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers. Amlodipine widen the blood vessels and improves blood flow. Widening of these blood vessels lowers blood pressure. In angina, amlodipine increases blood flow to the heart muscle to relieve pain due to angina. (WHO, 2013). Amlodipine was discovered by a research team lead by Simon Campbell and created by the…

What are the nonpolar parts of a phospholipid? c. Tail group 4. This is the only polar portion of a cholesterol molecule and it forms hydrogen bonds with the polar heads of phospholipids. d. –OH group 5. This type of membrane protein will extend throughout the entire membrane touching both the Intracellular fluid and the Extracellular fluid. e. Integral proteins f. Transmembrane proteins g. Integral proteins and Transmembrane proteins Ans: D…

The goal of this lab was to prepare methyl m-nitrobenzoate using electrophilic aromatic substitution. An example of electrophilic aromatic substitution is nitration where a hydrogen atom which is part of a aromatic ring is substituted by an electrophile. For benzene, aromaticity is a stabilizing feature. As such, instead of undergoing electrophilic additions, it undergoes electrophilic substitutions. The nitronium ion is the electrophile which gets attached to the electron rich aromatic…