Isomer

The antibiotic I’ve chosen to write about is Levofloxacin or more commonly known as Levaquin. Levaquin can also be named Quixin or Lquix. Levofloxin is a flucroquinolone which resides in the broad spectrum realm of antibiotics. Levofloxacin is used to treat many bacterial infection varying from the skin, sinuses, kidneys, bladder, and even the prostate. Levofloxacin can also be prescribed to individuals that have been subject to anthrax and or the plaque. More specifically and more commonly…

Human health effects caused by DINP Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a phthalate ester that is commonly used as a plasticizer to make softness and flexibility to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products, such as children’s toys. There are many health effects of DINP migrating from children’s toys during mouthing activities. Some concerns are on the kidney and liver, it causes decrease in body weight, an increase in liver weight and and changes in hypertrophy. If toys find their way into children’s…

The synthesized molecules referred as E-and Z-isomers on the basis of NMR Spectroscopic data as reported. Conversion of E-isomer to Z-isomers take place by the process of photoisomerisation, chemical shift and differences between E-and Z-isomers in proton NMR spectral data was useful parameters for ascertaining to stereochemistry. All this synthesized molecules showed antioxidant activity using…

When the drug was first introduced it was sold as a racemic mixture of the isomers, but today the drug is also sold as with only d-threo-methylphenidate. Studies have shown there were few differences in binding affinities between the isomers (Markowitz). However, studies using Positron Emission Tomography in the human brain with radioactively-labeled methylphenidate have shown that therapeutic doses block…

Evergreening involves the process by which the innovators of a certain idea keep their products updated as they intend to increase the life of the patent term beyond the 20 years as permissible by law so as to enjoy the benefits for a much longer time. This can have adverse consequences welfare as there is a clash of interest which occurs between the pharmaceutical companies and public interest. This can be illustrated by taking into consideration the Novatis case. Chronic myeloid leukemia is a…

To determine whether the two isomers were different compounds, the melting point and solubility test had to be done. Maleic acid was prepped from dissolving maleic acid anhydride in deionized water, cooled, then filtered, and fumaric acid was prepped from refluxing the filtrate from the vacuum filtration, cooled and then filtered. Because fumaric acid did not dissolve in water or melt after being heated 3-5 minutes, it is safe to say that it is a completely different compound from maleic acid.…

form if the double bond and phenyl group added to the same side. The trans product, E,E), would form if the double bond and phenyl group were to add to the opposite sides. The product of desire for the Wittig reaction is the trans, (E,E), isomer. Since the trans isomer of cinnamaldehyde was used in the experiment, the addition of one of the two double bonds formed in the major product was expected to be trans (E). The purpose…

According to R.A Aitken, “An asymmetric synthesis may be defined as a synthesis in which an achiral unit is an ensemble of substrate molecules is converted to a chiral unit such that the possible stereoisomers are formed in unequal amounts.” It relates to any synthetic process that incorporates one or more new elements of chirality during a functional group transformation. Asymmetric synthesis involves the formation of chiral molecules. An object is said to be chiral, if it cannot be…

Do you ever sit in class and have no idea what’s going on? Well, that’s me right now. I’m sitting in chemistry listening to descriptions chemical reactions. Why am I even sitting here trying to make sense of a subject that has no practical relevance to our lives whatsoever? Realistically, out of all senior chemistry students, who will actually use chemical principles on a daily basis? Most of us haven’t chosen a career pathway yet. The un-deciders, like me, hopelessly put effort in getting…

stable when the substituents are on the equatorial because the substituents are further away from each other (Bruice 2014). This explains why molecule B has a higher potential energy than that of molecule A, making molecule B less stable than its isomer, molecule A. When comparing molecule C to molecule D, molecule C is more stable. This is because the propyl group is in the equatorial position in molecule C whereas, the propyl group is in the axial position for molecule D. Molecule E is…