Islets of Langerhans

Parasympathetic neurons of the vagus nerve innervate the pancreas which stimulates the release of enzymes (exocrine) and hormones (endocrine). Inside of the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans which have four hormone-secreting cells: alpha, beta, delta and F cells (McCance & Huether, 2014). Alpha cells are responsible for secreting glucagon. Beta cells secrete insulin and amylin. Delta cells secrete gastrin and somatostatin. Lastly…

condition of patients declined over the course of months. The second form was associated with overweight, older patients with much slower progression that could often be prolonged through alterations in diet10. The isolation of insulin from canine islets of Langerhans followed by the administration of bovine insulin extracts in diabetic patients ushered in a new era of understanding of diabetes mellitus11. The response to insulin treatment became a differentiating factor to separate patients…

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be categorized by a group of metabolic diseases including hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, the action of insulin, or both. In type one DM, the beta cells are completely destroyed in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, which leads to insulin deficiency. This can happen at any age, but it mainly occurs before the age of thirty. Type one DM is characterized by hyperglycemia, breakdown of body fats and proteins, and the development of…

Core mechanisms The main organ involved with controlling glucose levels in the body is the pancreas. This organ contains specific areas known as the Islets of Langerhans which contain α cells and β cells. As this essay is focusing on the adverse effects of excess glucose in the body (hyperglycaemia) – the β cells will primary be studied as these act to lower blood glucose within the body. The cells do this by releasing a hormone known as insulin. [10] Figure 1 – Insulin Secretion…

known as the adventitia. Acinar cells:The exocrine cells of the pancreas, called acinar cells, produce and secrete pancreatic juice (digestive enzymes, bicarbonate, and water) into ducts. Pancreatic islets: The endocrine cells of the pancreas, called pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans, secrete hormones such as insulin into the bloodstream. they are visible a small, Circle the groups of cells that stain less darkly than the surrounding acinar cells. Liver lobules:The liver consist of…

diet. If complications occur, patients may receive diabetes medications and or insulin therapy. Another disease associated with insulin is insulinoma which is a type of tumor. Insulinoma is the most common type of tumors arising from the islets of langerhans. This condition occurs because the secretion of insulin by insulinoma is not properly regulated by glucose and the tumors will consistently secrete insulin causing glucose levels to fall further than normal. As a result patients’ present…

immersed in 70% alcohol for 45 s, dehydrated, cleared, and mounted. Image acquisition was performed using an optical microscope (Nikon Eclipse 80i; Tokyo, Japan) with a magnifying power of 400. For the size determination of islets of Langerhans, the surface area of islets of Langerhans was traced manually and analyzed using Image J software (n = 10 per group). The intensities of the immunostained signals for insulin and glucagon proteins were measured as…

According to the ATI PowerPoint, “The pancreas and the liver are the main function supporters of insulin. The endocrine portion of the pancreas has about 1 million small glands and the islets of Langerhans, scattered through the organ” (ATI PowerPoint). There are two types of cells that are important to glucose controls, alpha and beta cells. The alpha cells produce glucagon, a hormone that causes the release of glucose from the cell storage sites whenever blood sugar levels are low. The Beta…

Insulin was discovered in year 1921 by Banting and Best after a lot of controversy over it, for patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) [1]. Islets were described by Paul Langerhans, a German medical scientist but couldn’t correlate any function for them. Crystalline Insulin was prepared by John Jacob Abel of Johns Hopkins University in 1926. Later in 1950, Frederick Sanger determined the molecular structure of Insulin for which he was awarded with a Nobel Prize. In today’s era, Genetic…

2013). When there is an excess of glucose, the liver converts it to glycogen through a process called glycogenesis (Gebel, 2012). After we eat there is a high level of sugar in our blood. Our pancreas produces a hormone called insulin in the islets of Langerhans to regulate the blood glucose in our body. The high blood glucose stimulates Ca 2+ and signals insulin secretion form β-cell in the pancreas. When glucose levels are low, electrical activity triggers oscillatory Ca2+ in a-cells and…