Islets of Langerhans

Diabetes mellitus type-1, also know as type-1 diabetes, is a devastating disease that affects millions of people around the world and can be deadly if it is not properly controlled. It is caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas and is defined as the inability to produce sufficient insulin, which precludes the absorption of glucose into the body’s cells (ADA, Standards of Medical Care). Some aspects of the disease are not completely understood by the…

adaptation is the liver, which stores excess glucose for when it is needed between meals. The liver is, therefore, very signification to the glucose homeostasis system. Overall, the human blood glucose regulation system and the components of the Islets of Langerhans, the alpha and beta cells, and the liver and muscles, work together efficiently to maintain homeostasis. In the event of a disruption to the system, there are mechanisms which cope with either hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia or…

A year previously the creatinine level of the patient was taken and was safely in the normal range as shown in figure 6. After admission a EP was ordered and the results for creatinine were high for the patient as an individual despite being in the normal range which showed that AKI stage one was occurring which required immediate attention. Then the creatinine then entered in a sharp decline as the patient was on an IV drip and not eating or drinking. Also there was lots of excretion due to…

The pancreas is a compound glandular organ; derived from the endoderm, and is located in the retroperitoneum associated with several vital structures, which complicate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Normally it has an average weight of 90 g, and is shaped like a tadpole, that is divided into four main anatomical areas: head, neck, body, and tail (7). The pancreatic head is the thickest portion of the pancreas and lies within the C-loop of the duodenum, to the right of the superior…

Insulin, one of the most important peptide hormone in the body, which plays significant role in maintaining the blood glucose level in the body. Under certain physiological conditions such as pregnancy, the body mechanism changes due to elevated levels of certain secretory factor like leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TNF-α, plasminogen activator and testosterone (McLachlan et al., 2006), which produces certain adverse effects, insulin resistance being the most prominent one, where the…

Frederick Banting, an unknown surgeon from Canada, with a bachelor’s degree in medicine; had a theory that the digestive juices from the pancreas could be harmful in the secretion of the pancreas produced by the islets of Langerhans. Frederick thought that if you tie off the pancreatic ducts to stop the flow of nourishment to the pancreas, it would allow the pancreas to degenerate, making it shrink and lose its ability to secrete digestive juices. Frederick wanted to prove…

I Blame the Hormones By: Taylor Aubin Organs and tissues that make up the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, suprarenal glands, pineal gland, parathyroid glands, heart, kidneys, adipose tissue, digestive tract, pancreas, and gonads. The effects of the endocrine system are vast and impact almost every organ and cell of the body. This system produces hormones that help maintain homeostasis through the regulation of metabolism, growth, tissue function,…

Most Type 2 diabetics take medication and all Type 2 diabetics need to monitor their blood sugar. Some medications stimulate insulin production in the Islets of Langerhans within the pancreases while others limit the production and release of glucose from the liver. Since a resistance to insulin as a result of high blood sugar serves as one of the main causes of Type 2 diabetes, doctors often recommend that…

coxsackieviruses and enteroviruses), bacteria, and other environmental triggers such as exposure to cow’s milk, wheat proteins, and vitamin D (Van Belle, Coppieters, & Von Herrath, 2011). The third stage is that of the presence of autoantibodies against islet cell antigens, which allow the patient to maintain normal blood glucose levels and normal insulin release functioning. The fourth stage is that of the progressive loss of insulin release as the autoimmune response increases due to the four…

21st of February. Frederick Banting was a physician so in 1921 he and his friend Charles Best, they were the first ones to take out the insulin from the pancreas. What is Insulin? Insulin is a hormone that is located in the B-Cells in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas. Insulin reduces high blood sugar in other word glucose for example when you eat carbohydrates then your…