Ionization energy

temperature to give primary gas and carbonaceous residue and in the second there is modification in primary gas due to water gas shift reaction and steam reforming reaction. The total Gibbs free energy of a system is a function of Gibbs free energy of each of the components. For minimizing the Gibbs free energy, the mass of each individual element present in the gaseous mixture is considered. The amount of an element in the resulting gas mixture produced must be equal to its amount obtained from…

Thermal comfort is maybe the most important and easily defined parameter of indoor environmental quality. It is largely responsible for the occupants discomfort and well being and users require a thermally comfortable environment in order to identify that a building is performing well. Thermal comfort studies declare that thermal sensation responses to a given motivation and depends upon the occupants state of thermal adaptation which correlated also on geographic location and climate, time of…

from the temkin plot are as follows: A= 0.866 L/g, B=0.855 J/ mol. This model is not applicable for present work as the R2 value is low (0.827). [Table 1] The Dubinin – Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm model was used to estimate porosity, apparent free energy and characteristic of adsorption. The D–R isotherm does not suppose a homogeneous surface and constant sorption potential and it is shown in the following equation [27]: qe= Qm exp (-KƐ2) The linear form of D-R isotherm is as: ln qe=ln Qm-KƐ2…

transport in the disordered organic semiconductors and modeling the electrical characteristics OTFTs [27, 58]. Indeed, the notion of VRH implies that a free carrier either may over a long distance with low activation energy or hop over a short distance with high activation energy [22-25, 58]. A crucial feature of the VRH model is the determination of the density of states (DOS).…

5. SUMMARY We have derived Laplace's equation for steady-state water flow in two dimensions and have explained how the equation is solved by three Relaxation Methods: Jacobi, Gauss Siedel and Successive Over-Relaxation on a discrete 20 10 grids. The numerical method was illustrated by a Matlab programming code. 6. References [1] John D. Anderson, JR (1995). Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Basics with Applications .McGraw Hill, Inc. [2] Anderson, J.D. (1995). Computational Fluid Dynamics.…

SPRAY FOAM BASEMENT INSULATION: TORONTO Introduction Spray Foam Insulation (SFI,) also known as Polyurethane foam, is a very common practice among homeowners in the United States, UK, Canada, Australia, and some other countries. SFI is a heat-induced polymer – a spray-applied plastic with specially designed equipments capable of forming continuous insulation and serving as sealing barrier on walls, round corners, roofs, floor or ceiling cavity, as the case may be. It is produced by the mixture…

migration causes nonuniform ion concentration inside and outside the gel, which causes the difference in osmotic pressure and the deformation of the gel. Directional migration of free ions also causes non-uniform pH in the gel system and more different ionization state in the polyelectrolyte. This, in turn, alters the structure of the gel, and finally the gel is deformed [94]. So far, many synthetic polymers such as poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (sodium acrylate-co-sodium maleate) [95], acrylic…

Introduction This practical was an investigation involving the use of a tennis ball and a meter ruler. The tennis ball was held and dropped at a specific height above the ground. The height of the bounce was then measured. This investigation was carried out to find out whether the efficiency of the bounce varied with the height of release of the tennis ball. If the bounce were 100% efficient, then the tennis ball would have bounce off the ground and return to the starting height. Research…

Superfluid helium or He II is a macroscopic quantum fluid that exhibits extraordinary properties. %By applying the limit of low flow velocities, The behavior of the fluid can be understood using a Landau - Tisza model, where He II is considered to be a two-component fluid with independent velocity fields: the inviscid superfluid of density $\rho_s$, and the normal fluid of density $\rho_n$, where the total density $\rho$ = $\rho_s$ + $\rho_n$ \cite{Tisza,Landau}. The superfluid has neither…

INTRODUCTION The science of magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) deals with geophysical, astrophysical and engineering problems since many years. This subject has attracted attention of many researchers in the MHD flow on Newtonian fluids on plate, cones and disks. Hari R [30] investigated the chemical and radiation effects on MHD casson fluid flow past an oscillating vertical plate embedded in porous medium. Subbaiah Naidu [70] studied the effect of Hall current on free convective flow of stratified…