Ionization energy

What is an Onsen? An onsen is a term used for Japanese people referring to the “hot spring baths”. A natural Onsen use hot water from geothermal heated springs, though there are many indoor onsen (bath houses) that are filled with heated tap water. The onsens were used as public baths for Japanese people but nowadays there are many private ones and it’s also a tourist attraction for foreigners. My experience I went to one onsen in Nagoya called “Ozone No Yu”. Ozone-Cho, Higashi-ku Nagoya…

Kapha type body According to Ayurveda, our body is made up of five elements namely, air, water, earth, fire and space. Kapha is a combination of the elements Water and Earth whose meaning is ‘sticky’. Our body structures are formed by the energy derived from kapha energy. It supplies the vital nutrients and liquid that are needed to life to emerge and sustain on the planet. Kapha provides the body with lubrication in physical form and structure that results in the smooth and proper functioning…

Rosseland Radiation Model The Rosseland Model (Diffusion approximation model) is applicable when the medium is optically thick i.e. the optical thickness is much greater than 1 where a is the absorption coefficient of the medium, σ is the scattering coefficient of the medium and L is the average path length. The radiative heat flux is approximated as [3], (2.13) where qr is the radiative heat flux, Γ is the radiative diffusivity and G is the incident radiation. In contrast to the P-1 model…

Newton’s 3 laws of Motion 1. If a body is as rest it remains at rest or, if it is in motion, it moves with uniform velocity, until it is acted on by a resultant force. 2. Acceleration is dependent on the forces acting upon an object and the mass of the object. Therefore, if the force is increased, the acceleration is increased. And the more mass the object has, the more acceleration decreases. So the resultant force (F) is equal to mass (m) times acceleration (a) (F = ma). 3. For every action,…

4. Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) In principle, a temperature of 130C could be reached at any location of the planet at a sufficient depth. For instance, temperatures of this level can be found at depths between 5 and 10 km in half of the surface of USA. Based on this fact, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) aim at utilizing the heat available at high depths by injecting a heat transfer fluid through a well. Although today few geothermal wells are deeper than 3 km given the high drilling…

1. Temperature : A temperature is an objective measurement of hot or cold. It is measured by thermometer (Paul S. Welch,1938). Its most common unit is celcius. It is an important physical property of water because temperature controls the rate of most of the chemical reaction. As temperature affects the growth, reproduction and immunity of living organisms, therefore, drastic temperature changes can be fatal to living organisms. 2. pH : pH is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or…

Theoretical analysis for HPHX's performance by using dimension analysis theory. Assumptions Steady operation conditions exist. The surface temperature of the condenser section is equal to the temperature of Refrigerant R-22. Properties The exit temperature of air, and thus the mean temperature, is not known. We evaluate the air properties at the assumed mean temperature of 42OC (will be checked later) and 1 atm as following: K= 0.02722 (W/m.K)…

5. 3. 4 Typical application and thermometric error Consider a typical application such as the measurement of surface temperature by a surface mounted thermocouple as shown in Figure 5.9 (a). Figure 5. 9 : (a) Surface mounted thermocouple in Example 5. 1 (b) Thermal resistance network model Heat loss from the thermocouple is modeled as shown above by discussion leading to Equation 5.3. Thermocouple attached to the surface of a massive solid whose temperature we would like to measure.…

3.1.3. TGA analysis Thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) were recorded under N2 atmosphere over the temperature range of 25- 800 oC at a heating rate of 15 oC/min, to evaluate both the composition and the thermal stability of f-silica and AgNPs/f-silica. As shown in Fig. 1D the mass loss noticed between 25 oC and 180 oC represents the physically adsorbed water. Adsorbed water accounted 7.4%, 6.43% and 2.2% for f-silica, AgNPs/f-silica sample using [Ag+] = 0.005 M, and AgNPs/f-silica sample using…

Introduction Variables exist in experiments and can be linked together in the form of an equation. Some equations have constants that link the variables together in a sort of relationship. Gravity is considered a constant in many formulae including equations of kinematics and projectiles. In this experiment, the simple pendulum apparatus can be used investigate the relationship between the time period and the length of the pendulum, with a constant value including the value of gravity. This is…