Ionic order

Substrates bind to the active sites using hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and ionic bonds. After the binding, the configurations of both the enzyme and substrate change to make an induced fit for the enzyme-substrate complex, and the enzyme uses different mechanisms to convert the substrate to a product (therefore releasing energy)…

shown that the optimal pH has given similar results with the amylase working best at a pH of 4-5 (Journal of Biochemistry, 1960). Therefore, when the temperature is increased in the experiment, the enzymes will denature due to changes to its ionic charge. These ionic bonds create the shape of the enzyme that allow it to function now meaning that it cannot breakdown starch anymore (Chaplin, 2014) which can be seen in the indented…

notion will be discarded as the activity series demonstrates the actual nature of single displacement reactions where the metals will only exchange if their activity series levels allow them to do so. To explain, the activity series of metals goes in order of:…

No difference was observed in retention time and symmetry of peaks by using different buffer concentration. Thus 25mM was chosen during our study. Detection wavelength With the aim of finding the best wavelength in order to quantify both VAL and SAC with high sensitivity and selectivity, the photo diode array detector (DAD) was set at 225 and 250 nm which represents the λmax of each of VAL and SAC respectively. Both VAL and SAC possess relatively higher response at…

device that makes electric current through motion of cells which are the components of the battery. They are devices that convert their inner chemical energy into electrical energy. A battery has of two or more cells which are connected together in order to give out electricity. Batteries are commonly used in single cells such as the ones used to power radios, watches and small electrical appliances that are used in everyday life. They are also used to supply energy to various machines or tools…

upright posts, with a roof, or architrave, over the top. This type of architecture began with the Greeks, but has persisted throughout the ages to live on today. Even though it may seem simple, the Eventually these rules became known as orders, and different types of orders developed, with different styles of architecture. Greek architecture has had a long and important legacy in western history. Even now, people continue to copy Greek buildings, and many people go visit the ancient remains of…

acid helped separate the cations, which is what was needed in order to distinguish the lead or silver from the calcium or barium. It did this because the chlorine ion of HCl was able to bond with silver or lead, leaving the other cation in the liquid solution that was decanted and set aside for Part B.1 In Step 5, the sample with either silver or lead was heated in a water bath. This step was essential as heating the solution broke any ionic bonds within the…

disorder diagnosis practices (4). Comet assay has evolved into a commonly used technique because it is simple, cost-effective, has numerous applications, and has fairly rapid results (3). In order to better understand the comet assay, its procedure, analysis, application, and limitations will be examined. In order to perform a comet assay, two days are normally needed. On the first day the cell sample is collected and a microscope slide is prepared be embedding the cell in agrose (1,4). The…

This writing presents the structure of proteins, their importance for life and processes under which they are made. It will also describe two groups of proteins and give some examples. Proteins (also called polypeptides, peptides or amino acids) are large polymers and main components of cells. They are produced by condensation reaction from amino acid monomers, therefore proteins are called condensation polymers. Each protein is formed by a unique sequence of 20 naturally occurring amino…

Is it a building that commemorates a victory over the Persians? Or, is a religious building dedicated to the goddess Athena? Maybe a monument that proclaims the greatness of the Athenian polis mid V century BC?All this and much more is what symbolizes the Parthenon, as well as being a building that, over the centuries, has endured dropouts, bombing (by the Turks) and even looting (by the English educated, who enjoy today in the British Museum a large sculptural repertoire obtained in this…