Ion

The D-glucose serves to reduce the silver from Ag1- to Ag1+. The sodium citrate first reduces Ag1+ to Ag, and then functions to bind with the particle surface of silver nitrate particles to allow them to interact. Finally, silver nitrate can aggregate. The silver nitrate combined with D-glucose, sodium citrate, and heat forms an aggregate. The citrate binds with the particle coating and dispels the repulsion between silver nitrate nanoparticles. The nanoparticles then form an aggregate-- a loose…

Precipitation reaction, or otherwise known as double-replacement reaction, is one of the three common types of chemical reactions along with decomposition and combustion. A simple definition for the precipitation reaction would be “atoms from two different compounds switch places” (Lew 40). This means that one of the reactant’s molecule “trades” places with another from another compound to form products, like a precipitate, hence the term double-replacement. A precipitate is usually a solid…

Title Determining the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide Introduction Chemical formulas imply the arrangement of compounds. Empirical formulas are the simplest whole number ratio of the elements present in a compound (Owen, 2014). However, the actual amount of each type of atom that a compound is consisted of is called the molecular formula. For that reason, the deduction of the empirical formula and the molar mass of a compound is required to determine the molecular formula of the compound.…

3.2. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface of Pyrazolooxazines. The correlation between the molecular structure and the physicochemical property of molecules, including biological molecules and MESP-based drugs, to distinguish electron rich zones (electrophilic attack) from electron-poor ones (a nucleophilic attack) 16, 17. We represent in this study the molecular surface of the electrostatic potential (MESP), the electrostatic potential (ESP) and the electron density (ED). MESP is a…

Paragraph 1 Sphalerite and wurtzite are the two polymorphs of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS). Sphalerite follows the space group F-43m, wurtzite is of the space group P63mc, and both polymorphs have the same formula of (Zn, Fe)S. The crystal chemical relationship between the two can be discussed by looking at the capability of transformation between the two polymorphs, known as polymorphism. This is due to the same SnS4 polyhedral found in both. Yet even though this is so, the two differ when we look at…

Compare and contrast the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of quartz, α-FePO4 and β-FePO4. FePO4 is also known as Iron (III) phosphate. Iron (III) phosphate is an inorganic compound. Most of the FeP04 has the structure of α-quartz which is α-FePO4. It has a tetrahedral molecular geometry. α-FePO4 is present at pretty low degree Celsius. It is also a transition metal as it is in the d-block in the periodic table. It can be studied at many different temperature which range from 294K to…

Our lab consisted of combining small amounts of aqueous solutions in order to observe their soluble nature (or lack thereof). The key concept that was involved in this lab was the concept of solubility, the ability of a substance (the solute) to dissolve in a solvent rather than to form a solid precipitate. Through this lab, we were attempting to determine the solubility of the solutions as well as observe how the solutions interact with each other -- if they form a precipitate once combined or…

The observed colour was orange, which fit the emission spectrum. Few specks of blue were observed, this might be due to the Bunsen burner not being completely cleaned or the sodium not being completely pure. The observed colours match those of the spectrum, and can be accepted as true. The observed colour for lithium was a dark red colour. Lithium’s emission spectrum consists of purple, blue, cyan and red. Few darker specks of blue were observed, possibly from the same substance that made the…

Introduction According to Bio-Rad, Alamar Blue is a “cell viability assay reagent which contains the cell permeable, non-toxic and weakly fluorescent blue indicator dye called resazurin.” (Bio-Rad, n.d.). Meaning that the resazurin is going to be using an oxidation-reduction (REDOX) indicator that will undergo a color change due to the response of the cellular metabolic reduction. “The reduced form resorufin is pink and highly fluorescent, and the intensity of fluorescence produced is…

Free radicals form when weak bonds split. They need to be stable so they react very fast with other compounds. When the free radical attacks a molecule, it takes an electron, which turns that molecule into a free radical. It is like the domino effect. The body may also create free radicals on its own. It creates them in small amounts so it’s not very harmful to the body. Harmful things in the environment will also create them. The body is only able to handle a certain number of free radicals…