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Proteins are complex molecules that serve a variety of functions within the body. Proteins are made up of subunits called amino acids. There are several different types of amino acids such as lysine, aspartic acid, and histidine. Each type of amino acids have their own specific group called R-groups attached to them, this causes them to behave chemically different. The group on the amino acid histidine cause the amino acid to be basic; this feature of histidine makes it have a specific purpose…

inflammation. So we have to eat less acidic food (sugar is a big one, sugar substitutes except Stevia is another, dairy products and gluten are others. In the drink area soda, alcohol and many sport drinks are very acidic). Acids come from the H+ ion that is weakly bound to many molecules and easily breaks off, many times forming H3O (hydronium) which is acidic. This acid buildup, even with the correct pH affects our insulin mechanism (which either has us consume more sugar or tells the cells…

Why there are different amounts of energy released for popcorn and peanuts Peanuts and Popcorn comprise of different molecular compounds which contribute to their different amounts of energy given off during what should have occured during the experiment. For example, Popcorn comprises mainly of simple carbohydrates, whereas the peanut is comprised of proteins and lipids which contain higher energy densities. The differing energy densities of lipids and carbohydrates ultimately come down to the…

Special delivery of toxic cell-free heme causes vascular damage in Sickle Cell Disease Scientists describe a novel mechanism responsible for blood vessel injury in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): microparticles derived from sickle cells deliver heme to the vascular endothelial cells causing oxidative damage. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder caused by a single base mutation in the DNA of affected patients, producing abnormal hemoglobin molecules. In SCD, red blood cells…

The SR is extensive and covering all the myofibrils this allows fine control of contractions of the myofibrils due to depolarization only affecting the targeted areas since the SR release of calcium ions is the key to muscle contraction. Myofibrils are protein bundles containing actin and myosin. Actin (thin) and myosin (thick) make up a unit of skeletal muscle cell called a sarcomere, the main unit of contraction in skeletal muscle cells. The patterns…

After astrocytes remove glutamate from the ECS, glutamate must be isolated and degraded. Glutamate transporters are bidirectional, so intracellular elevations of glutamate levels will lead to an electrochemical gradient-mediated release if the molecule is not destroyed. If glutamate release is unregulated glutamate accumulates in the ECS and impairs the survival of neurons. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) helps degrade glutamate into a-ketoglutarate, an intermediary in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)…

NOSIPHO ZUMA A00018164 BIO 120 DR HAYATU RAJI LAB 1: PH TEST FOR VARIOUS SUBSTANCES LAB PARTNERS: AMINA SULEIMAN, SEDOO ORJE-ISHEGH DATE: 27 SEPTEMBER 2016 Abstract The primary purpose of this experiment was to determine pH levels of various substances using different methods. Two techniques were used, the pH paper indicator and the pH meter. Out of ten substances that were used, five of them were found to be acidic, namely: hydrochloric acid, coke, toothpaste, milk, and acetic acid. Sodium…

of the self-balancing board. There have been reports of fires in 23 states involving hover boards. All major U.S. airlines, including American, Delta, Southwest and United, have banned the devices, with Delta saying in a statement that the lithium-ion batteries that power many hover boards are a potential problem, and often exceed the 160-watt-hour limit permitted aboard…

Question /Problem Can a potato be used to build a battery and light up a LED? Hypothesis If I use an electrolyte like a potato juice and two electrodes like galvanized steel and coper, then I should be able to create a small amount of electricity enough to light a LED (light emitting diode). Research Potatoes in general do not generate and do not store electricity. What potatoes do have that can help transfer energy is its soluble chemical property which may cause a chemical reaction…

Written Exercise Paragraph 1 1. Lattice symmetry of quartz, α-FePO4 and β-FePO4: Quartz has a trigonal lattice structure with space group P3121 (group no. 152). At any temperature below 980K, Iron phosphate exists as α-FePO4, which has a trigonal lattice structure with space group P3121 (group no. 152) where iron, phosphate and oxygen occupy Wyckoff position 3a, 3b and 6c respectively. As the temperature rises up to and above 980K, α-FePO4 exhibits α-β transition and becomes β-FePO4 that shows…