Ion

The alloy 1 presents OCP value of about -1.30 V whereas that of Alloy 2 was -1.44 V, which are more negative than that of Al in the same medium. The presence of tin and gallium in aluminum matrix as alloying elements increases the adsorption of Cl- ions at the values of negative potential which leads to the alloy dissolution [10]. The surface morphologies of Al, Alloy 1 and Alloy 2 after immersion in 2 M NaCl solution for 1 h were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Fig. 3). The…

to the brain to let the the person know they are cold. Dr. Richard L. Mueller defines TRPM8 as "an ion channel, upon activation it allows the entry of Na+ (sodium) and Ca2+ (calcium) ions to the cell that leads to depolarization and the generations of an action potential." In other words the TRPM8 cells open for sodium and calcium. However, in an article by Matt Soniak, he states that the TRPM8 ion cells don't only open to Na+ (sodium) and Ca2+ (calcium), but certain natural chemicals can…

Firstly it carries the current, which is essential for agarose gel electrophoresis. When the current is applied, the water molecules may dissociate into OH- - and H+-ions. DNA molecules are negatively charged and there will therefore be attracting forces between the DNA molecules and and H+-ions. The positively charged hydrogen ions will therefor cancel out the negative charge of the DNA molecules and the DNA molecules will no longer travel across the gel as the current has no impact on them…

the q and ∆H of a substance. When the two substances dissolve, they become ions. CaCl2 dissolves in a reaction of: CaCl2 Ca2+aq + 2Cl1-aq while NH4NO3 dissolve in a reaction of: NH4NO3 NH41+aq + NO31-aq . As shown in these reactions, when ionic compounds dissolve in water, they break into their individual charged ions. The compounds are held together through ionic bonds, but when they dissolve, ionic bonds are broken and ion dipole attractions form instead. This change in bonding indicates…

The mitochondrion of the cell is the powerhouse of the cell meaning it is responsible for providing energy and respiration. The mitochondrion is used to provide the necessary energy which is generated for the cells to do its job. We can take brain cells for example, which need a lot of energy to be able to communicate with other body parts. This is achieved by substances being transported around the body along with the cells so they can be reached by those body parts which are far away. Tiny…

How is light energy harvested in photosynthesis? - The process where plants use light energy and convert it into chemical energy is called photosynthesis. Plants have parts of them like the chlorophyll that is present inside the chloroplast that soak in light starting a process that will end up making ATP. Carbohydrates within the plants are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water. When photosynthesis occurs then sunlight is turned into sugar and this sugar is kept in the molecular bonds of…

To understand the effects of agonists and competitive antagonists the receptors involved must be identified first. There are 2 major groups of receptors present in rat ileum, the first being 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors and the second, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) – and of these two groups there are certain subtypes in the ileum contributing to its tone, motility, secretion and blood flow. The 5-HT receptor subtypes most prevalent in the rat ileum were, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B,…

In the passage, “Energy Story”, it explains electricity to the audience by showing how it affects us, and how we depend on it in everyday life. The passage proceeds to explain atoms and what their relationship to electricity is. It continues to talk about electrons and atoms, and describes how within the atoms are electrons, and when the electrons move between the atoms, a current of electricity is created. A description of an experiment the passage used was describing how the chain was similar…

used as a non-nanomaterial contrast agent in MRI. Gadolinium ions have been incorporated into various nano-scaffolds consisting of polymers, micelles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, lipoproteins, and silica nanoparticles. These contrast agents show increased sensitivity as the magnetic fields concentrate the ions in and around the tissue of interest. Gadolinium chelates are usually in macrocyclic form to prevent leaching out of gadolinium ions, which can cause nephrotoxicity. Gadolinium based…

CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this experiment was to find the concentration of the unknown base (NaOH) through a titration. In the experiment, it took 0.95 mL of NaOH with a concentration of 0.53 moles to neutralize 5.0 mL of a 0.100 M of HCl. In the expected result, the concentration of the NaOH was 0.50 moles. The percent error for the lab was only 6%, which means the lab had a fairly high accuracy. Differences between the expected results and the actual result would be caused by the sources of…