Ion

Introduction: Temperature can affect the rate at which an action potential is generated to excite an action potential within a given skeletal muscle. Maximum contraction is the ability of the muscle to recruit and produce its greatest force during a contraction, and we can observe these effects by using a grip force transducer, which records the functional grip force of the hand. Therefore, the purpose of this lab was to discern how varying temperatures affect maximum contraction. I…

it to become polarized. Since the electron is taken away the atom has a different chemical signature, resulting in these ions absorbing different wavelengths than their parent atoms do. Cecilia Payne hypothesized that since higher temperature means more ionization that it could explain the different absorption patterns astronomers were finding. She went on to figure out which ions created the different absorption patterns in spectra and at which temperature they could each exist at. Payne…

systematically increased, membrane voltage should be rendered more positive (less negative). Indeed, if [K+]i is 140 mM (according to Bernstein’s model), extracellular [K+] much smaller than 140 mM (e.g., 5.4 mM, 10 mM) should elicit a large efflux of potassium ions, as reflected in the first two EK values listed in Table 1. As extracellular [K+] nears 140 mM, the strength of the outward potassium current should decrease, as reflected in the increasingly less negative EK values presented in…

In order to discern the personas of Socrates, one can create an image of him and his scope using the works of Aristophanes and Plato; specifically Clouds, Ion and The Republic. Even though Socrates’ thoughts and ideas were never personally composed, one can dissect the works of these authors in order to adequately gain an understanding of Socrates’ convictions as a philosopher. There is a solid distinction between the two authors; Plato wrote mostly philosophical dialogues, whereas Aristophanes…

structure, respectively. The RE and Mn represent the theoretical magnetic moment of trivalent free RE3+ ions and divalent Mn2+ ions respectively. The experimental values of total magnetic moments were found to be smaller than the calculated values (Table xyz). The crystal field effects can lead to lower value of magnetic moments for RE3+ ions in these compositions as compared to free RE3+ ions, which in turn could lower the total magnetic moment of these compositions. This discrepancy in the…

Freezing point is the temperature for a particular compound where the liquid freezes to form a solid (Chemistry Dictionary). If salt is added to water, it freezes at lower temperatures. If there are fewer water molecules, then freezing occurs at a slower rate (Salt and the Freezing Point of Water). Pure water freezes at 0º Celsius, but water that is combined with salt will freeze at a temperature less than 0º Celsius (Oleson, Andrew and Daly, Terik). A solvent is something in which other things…

1500 kW. In 2016, Adgero announced a regenerative braking system for large trucks that employed a graphene-based supercapacitor. In 2016, Henrik Fisker announced development of an electric car that will use Graphene supercapacitor instead of lithium-ion…

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans, use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things. The site of photosynthesis is the chloroplast, which are disc-shaped organelles found in the mesophyll of the leaf in the palisade layer. They have outer and inner membranes with an inner membrane space between them. The stroma in the middle of the chloroplast contain membrane discs…

What is the most effective pH level of pectinase solution that is used on the average human diet? Since no prior research has been done on this topic, one must delve into the topic of pectinase, how it works, why it’s used so commonly in the apple juice and wine industry, electrolysis, hydrolysis, and the contents of an average human diet, to properly understand the subject. Pectinase, also known as pectic enzyme, is composed of chemicals such as polygalacturonase (C43H67N15O12S2), pectolyase,…

different diseases or abnormality by doing urine analysis. urine is composed of water, certain electrolytes, and various waste products that are filtered out of the blood system. due to the kidneys filtration system big molecules, blood, and different ions are not supposed to leave the body, so their presence during analysis can indicate abnormality. The urinary system is responsible for maintain the fluid hemostat of the body, it is consisting of many organs: some are kidney, ureter urinary…