Ion

is made up of crystals of metals which are made up of positive metal ions and these ions are surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons. To separate these substances from this crystal lattice a lot of energy is needed. In between the positive and negative ions is present a strong electrostatic force of attraction. That is the reason why metals have strong melting and boiling points. In order to slide one layer of the metal ions over the other layer very less amount of energy is used.…

The water is completely deprived of fish below a pH level of 4.5 (Effects of changes, n.d). This problem occurs because aluminum ions in the soil unleash into the lakes, ultimately killing all types of fish by clogging their gills through excess mucus (Effects of change, n.d). Very high pH levels can damage the outer surface of the fish, such as the skin, gills, and eyes (Effects…

chemical substances. Life can be compared to a redox reaction in that people form different bonds with one another, separating and forming new connections throughout their lives. However, in Redox Reactions there is a substance known as a spectator ion. It does not bond with any other substance nor does it take part in the reaction. This is similar to life in that some people, myself included, are different and do not partake in conventional life. We don’t chemically fuse with others and don’t…

an acid dissociation constant, it is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. The pKa is defined as the negative log of the Ka, pKa= -log Ka. The lower the value for the pKa the more acidic the acid (greater concentration of H+ ions). The pKa of a compound relates to how likely, at a given pH, the compound will be ionized. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to quickly…

The fibers might have contracted due to the myosin’s affinity for the KCl and MgCl2 ions, but in this case, there wasn’t ATP present, and if there is no ATP, the myosin heads in the muscle will no be activated and thus, it will not bind to actin to cause a contraction. Therefore, the results rejects the hypothesis made, because only salt…

Examples and Solutions Example 1: Given Equation: MnO4- + S2-  Mn2+ + S0 Balance the equation by using the ion-electron method. Step 1 Oxidation: S2-  S0 Reduction: MnO4-  Mn2+ Divide into two half reactions. Identify the element that is being oxidized and the other being reduced. (Use the entire ion or molecule.) Step 2 Oxidation: S2-  S0 Reduction: MnO4-  Mn2+ Balance all the elements (other than oxygen and hydrogen). Step 3 Oxidation: S2-  S0 Reduction: 8H+ + MnO4- …

I argue that many different branches of science are reducible to one fundamental one- physics. In this essay, I will use Pasteur’s work to demonstrate that biology and chemistry are reducible to physics - the study of interactions between matter and energy. By reducible, I mean that these sciences (and other hard sciences) can be simplified to the point where they deal with the same fundamental matters as physics. During the 1700s, chemists engaged in a long-standing debate over what caused…

test for iodide requires 5 drops of .1 M of AgNO3 to be added to your mix and if a yellow precipitate forms the test is positive. The triiodide test requires a visual inspection and if the colors are orange, brown or red the test is positive. The zinc ion test requires the solids to be dissolved in 2-3 mL of water (if a precipitate forms .17 M acetic acid should be added) and then to add 1 magnesium turning. If a fine black solid is deposited on the surface the test is positive. Finally the test…

acidification does not mean that oceans are acidic, it just means their pH is decreasing and although they are still currently alkaline, this could change within the next few centuries. The acidity or alkalinity of a solution refers to the number of Hydrogen ions [H+] found within it. To…

maintain homeostasis and get back normal blood glucose levels, renal tubular filration of glucose must the intensed thereby kidney elimination of glucose reduces to bring the PH to normal as lactic acid has the ability to accumulate more H+ ions. These H+ ions must be…