Ion channel

Name: Tarek Arabi Elmasri Candidate number: 3054 Centre number: 11255 Centre name: Westminster Academy Unit: 90353-Controlled Assessment Task 2 Topic: Energy in the 21st century Geographical issue: “What are the environmental effects of using natural resources as sources of energy?” Introduction What are the environmental effects of using natural resources as sources of energy? In this investigation, I will be explaining the environmental consequences of energy production/consumption,…

Before the inflammation stage, bleeding needs to occur. The muscle tissue is destroyed through a direct or indirect cause to the muscle. Blood is initially released into the area due to ruptured blood vessels. Inflammation is the bodys defensive system in response to an injury, it is a non-specific response (Hertel, 1997) that will prepare the wound for healing. This phase will happen a few hours post injury (After the bleeding phase has ended) (Watson, 2012). The inflammation stage can be…

drainage channels form along the preexisting fractures and streams join each other at right angles, creating a rectangular network. Trellis drainage develops across a landscape of parallel valleys and ridges, major tributaries flow down a valley and join a trunk stream that joins across the ridges. 3. Permeant streams exist where the water table lies above the bed of the channel or when large amounts of water enter the channel from upstream. Where the water table lies below the channel bed,…

satellite cell activation. Studies show that satellite cells endure profound changes in response to nerve injury. These changes are caused by an increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, decreased expression and sensitivity to potassium channels, increased satellite cell coupling by gap junctions, increased sensitivity to ATP, and the release of ATP and…

The Family Tetraodontidae and its Toxic Defense Mechanism Tetraodontidae, a family commonly known as the pufferfish, uses unique defense mechanisms in the wild to protect themselves against predators. Pufferfish diet consists mainly of invertebrates, so they are not viewed as dangerous or predatory animals in their ecosystems. These defense mechanisms are necessary to the survival of the Tetraodontidae family. The Tetraodontidae family’s defense mechanisms of inflation and use of the deadly…

The Cause and Effect of Mutations on the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene and How it Affects Lung Functions in an Individual Sterling Wood Biology 2458 Section 005, Pankaj B.C., October 11, 2015 Introduction Many people do not realize all the different factors that are a necessity when it comes to just breathing. The air we breathe is filled with many different particles and bacteria that could cause major problems if they were to reach the alveoli. With that being said,…

Orion Sommer Mrs. Weatherington Sophomores--3 September, 2015 I-Search I-Search Plasma A couple of weeks ago, a YouTube channel called "TheGameTheorists" uploaded a video about how the people in Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball Z harness their Ki and shoot lasers with it. Ever since I watched that video I 've been interested in learning more about plasma. The video is mainly about how these people use plasma to their advantage. He talks about how schools never teach us about plasma, how it 's the…

being the most abundant. [3] AMPs usually exhibit their antimicrobial effect using a mechanism that involves disruption, followed by an increase in the permeability of the outer membrane (OM) of the bacterial cell which allows the efflux of essential ions and nutrients. Although the exact process is not very clear, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the behaviour of AMPs, mainly (1) carpet-like mechanism (2) barrel-stave mechanism and (3) toroidal mechanism. [1] In the…

is caused by a gene mutation action that encodes CFTR protein or the trans-membrane conductance regulator protein. The resulting chloride build up in the cells is what causes high production of mucous. This protein creates channels in the cell surface that allow Chloride ions to leave the cells, causing protein deformation and faulty…

preserved. We can therefore conclude that the retinal degeneration mutation only effects the expression of the photoreceptors. Without the β-subunit of PDE, the photoreceptors are unable to break down cGMP, and therefore unable to close their sodium ion channels, allowing the receptors to continue firing even in the presence of light. This means that they cannot respond to any light stimulus, and are degraded as a consequence. Using these results we could potentially find a way to cure blindness…