Ion channel

(Silverthorn, 2007). Surrounding the myocardial cells are t-tubules whereby electrical ions can flow into the cell membrane proteins and start action potentials (Silverthorn, 2007). Together, these structures give the heart its ability to contract and communicate with its cells in a regulated manner (Silverthorn, 2007).…

The cell has several different ways that it allows molecules and ions to cross its membrane, including bulk transport, osmosis, passive transport, and active transport. The purpose of the cell membrane is to protect the cell and only allow specific substances to cross the membrane, such as amino acids or water. Lipids hold the membrane together, along with proteins and carbohydrates. These lipids are saturated or unsaturated, and have a hydrophilic head. The tails hold the membrane together due…

The difference between nature and nurture is that nature is the idea that behavior is effected by your chemical and gene make up while nurture is the idea that you are a blank slate and your behavior is distinguished by experiments. They both effect behavior is what was discovered. * Dualism is supported by cognitive psychologists such as George A. Miller and Sigmund Freud * Rene Descartes dealt with Monism vs. Dualism & Interactive Dualism * Monism is the belief that the mind…

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the body’s main source of chemical energy. It is produced by breaking down nutrients such as glucose, fatty acids and proteins, which are all found in food. At the start of the race, anaerobic pathways are used to provide a quick source of energy. Most of this energy is derived from the catabolism of fats. Since lipids are more reduced than carbohydrates, they are capable of storing more energy per unit weight. Triacylglycerols are the lipids used for energy…

improved the antibacterial activity. According to the previous reports [ ][ ], the bacteriostatic effect on E. coli is because of the leaching of active antibacterial species metal ions from MOF nanoparticles, thus changing the surrounding environment of bacterial cell leading to the ion balance being broken and the ion channels being destroyed. In addition, the functional groups of organic ligands in MOF can bond with cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the cells [ ]. Eventually, this behavior…

There are many types of artificial sweeteners on the market found in numerous low calorie foods or diet drinks. Unlike sugar, these artificial sweeteners have no actual caloric value, and don't affect blood glucose levels as much for diabetics as regular sugar would. Artificial sweeteners are man-made, sometimes derived from sugars occurring naturally in nature. Splenda, a commonly used brand, is made of the artificial sugar sucralose while equal is made of the artificial sugar aspartame. These…

the brain. Nicotine diffuses readily into brain tissue, where it binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels. When a cholinergic agonist binds to the outside of the channel, the channel opens, allowing the entry of cations, including sodium and calcium. These cations further activate voltage-dependent calcium channels, allowing further calcium entry” (Benowitz, 2008). In the human brain, the most abundant nAChR subtype is the α4β2 nAChR (Benowitz,…

anorectic like effect by releasing norepinephrine within the hypothalamus (Medscape, n.d.). The mechanism of action for topiramate is that suppresses the appetite by inhibiting AMPA/Kainite excitatory glutamate receptors and regulates voltage-gated ion channels (Medscape, n.d.). Initial renal monitoring is needed (Medscape, n.d.). She is to take this medication without food in the morning and to discontinue this medication gradually since it may cause…

is caused by a gene mutation action that encodes CFTR protein or the trans-membrane conductance regulator protein. The resulting chloride build up in the cells is what causes high production of mucous. This protein creates channels in the cell surface that allow Chloride ions to leave the cells, causing protein deformation and faulty…

Name: Tarek Arabi Elmasri Candidate number: 3054 Centre number: 11255 Centre name: Westminster Academy Unit: 90353-Controlled Assessment Task 2 Topic: Energy in the 21st century Geographical issue: “What are the environmental effects of using natural resources as sources of energy?” Introduction What are the environmental effects of using natural resources as sources of energy? In this investigation, I will be explaining the environmental consequences of energy production/consumption,…