Involuntary action

If muscle membrane potentials vary as a function of ionic composition of the extracellular solution, changes in [K+]o should alter VM values. Moreover, EK, given by the Nernst equation, should accurately predict changing VM values. As extracellular potassium concentration is systematically increased, membrane voltage should be rendered more positive (less negative). Indeed, if [K+]i is 140 mM (according to Bernstein’s model), extracellular [K+] much smaller than 140 mM (e.g., 5.4 mM, 10 mM)…

Unions have existed throughout United States history, specifically coming into the public view in the mid-nineteenth century. At first, they were viewed as dangerous and anti-American; as the fear of communism attracted panics such as the Red Scare, the thought of equality in the workplace seemed too extreme. When the Great Depression hit, more attention was shown to workers and their effect on the American economy. President Roosevelt called for increased spending to rev up the currency system;…

As with the male counterpart, the ovaries are derived from the genital ridge later descending to their final position in the pelvis. In adults, the ovaries have an ovoid shape and are usually 3-5cm long. They are a layered structure with an outer layer germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortex and medulla that is innermost (fig. 1). Although now challenged by recent discoveries (1), the germinal epithelium; a continuation of the peritoneum, is inaptly named due the mistaken belief that germ…

The 2016 American election is the most controversial and shocking election to date. With interesting debates to a shocking result, Donald Trump being the 45th president of the United States of America. The fact that Trump was upset because a judge denied passing a law that is unconstitutional is hysterical. The purpose of this paper is to explore the discourse that Donald Trumps portrays in his tweets in regards to immigration and the travel ban. Trump has always been an advocate for preventing…

At the spinal level, the PNS and CNS are bilaterally symmetrical. And studies have shown that the two sides of the spinal cord are not independent due to the findings that unilateral peripheral nociception results in contralateral responses (Koltzeburg, 1999). The contralateral pain was perceived at a lesser magnitude and has a delayed response. This contralateral pain phenomenon can be attributed to a similar pathway as central sensitization leading to secondary hyperalgesia. Primary…

There are indications of disparate impact violation based on the information provided for this case. Both the males and female applicants have experience discrimination during the three stages of trying to obtain the job. A term called flow and stock analysis can be used to determine if discrimination has occurred to a discriminated group of people. To determine if any groups has been discriminated against we will have to divide the number of applicants by those who passed the screening…

Affirmative action “is a family of policies aimed at resolving racial, ethnic, and gender inequalities in the United States.” (Hughes & Kroehler, 2013, p. 220). It allows minorities to get equal opportunities and in some cases raises the likelihood that they will get a job. These policies make it so colleges and businesses must accept and hire a certain amount of people from minorities, to show they are not discriminating. I feel that affirmative action is not the most affective way to handle…

During a union campaign, XYZ are permitted to engage in activities that will not interfere with an employee’s ability to make a free choice in a union election. If threats of reprisal, promises of benefits, or other actions would serve to coerce employees. All management should be extremely watchful about what they tell employees and representatives amid a union sorting out battle. Indeed, even one proclamation that goes too far can put everything else that was said in a more terrible light and…

Negotiations between an employer and employees to determine wages and conditions are referred as collective bargaining. Public employees are usually represented by unions or other labor groups in order to get fair agreements. Collective bargaining is endangered in some states and states such as North Carolina and Virginia even have ban on it. This brings up controversies. Some people believe it is a right to bargain for improvement in their working conditions and wages, some people think that…

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces EEO laws and also provides oversight and coordination of all Federal EEO regulations, practices, and policies. EEOC is an independent Federal agency originally created by Congress in 1964 to enforce Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Equal Employment Opportunities have played a huge role in giving equal rights to every American in the workplace today. Without it, many Americans with disabilities and of different races would…