Invocation

Sufism is recognised as and can be referred to as Tasawwuf in islam. Sufism in the Muslim world first came around between the 8th and 9th centuries C.E. The people that follow Sufism are labelled Sufis and their aim is to pursue in finding the truth, they do this by having experiences with Allah. The main objective of the Sufi people is to be united with Allah in the next life e.g. heaven hence the reason why Sufism has established several spiritual performs that are focused on severe restraint…

One of the new phenomenon of discrete racism with a colorblind overtone are disclaimer statements predominantly used by white people before or after voicing questionable comments during racial discussions. These statements roughly contain phrases such as “I’m not racist” or “prejudiced” or “biased.” They have become common accompaniment to racially charged if not racist opinions. While responding to a DAS researcher’s question, Rhonda, a part-time employee in a jewelry story in her sixties,…

Part A: Short Questions Question 5: When looking at Filipina migrant workers in Japan, ‘love’ is the most important aspect for these women. Filipina hostess workers are essentially paid to ‘love’ their customer. These women need to provide ‘love’ to the Japanese men, in order to live and survive. ‘Love’ is the main role of a Filipina woman working in a hostess bar needs to show. These women are taught how to ‘love’ their customers and care for them, whether they actually ‘love’ the customer…

Gender is a social and cultural conception of being male or female. The presentation of gender in art often depicts the divide between the social and sexual identification of being masculine and feminine. The roles of males and females have been contested throughout history and has been prominent subject of experimentation in the arts. Although contemporary artworks play a crucial role in advancing the equality of women in society, artworks, especially that of Gustav Klimt, in the past have…

Hiromi Goto’s Chorus of Mushrooms is a novel based on three generations of Japanese Canadian women: Naoe, Keiko, and Muriel, who are experiencing an identity crisis. Naoe, an elder in the home, is an anguished woman who attempts to come to terms with her immigration to Canada, while Keiko, Naoe’s daughter, struggles to assimilate into the Canadian culture leaving her Japanese heritage behind. Muriel, (Naoe refers to her as Murasaki), is Keiko’s daughter who is born in Canada. Growing up,…

The public’s view of characters with social relevance evolves over time as society modernizes. William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth has had an impact on both culture and literature since the time it was written. However, the ways that people interpret the characters, particularly Lady Macbeth, has changed greatly since then. Beginning in the seventeenth century, her character was seen as the sole cause of all evil in Macbeth and in the play. Yet as powerful and even evil women became…

Processes of democratisation and decentralisation in the early 1990s in Africa have transformed the practices of power and authority on a local level. A closer look at the African political landscape reveals the existence of other forms of institutions that operate at the same level as the state and are contemporaries of its institutions, but can be “either rivals, watchdogs, parasites or servants” of state institutions (Ferguson 2014, p. 59). Lund (2006) terms these “twilight institutions”;…

blankets. Those who touched the body in any way must go through a purifying process with cedar smoke and by sweating in the sudatory. Friends and mourners helped with the obsequies, bearing gifts of food, arms, and horses to the bereaved family. Invocations to the spirits…

In addition to using myth to empower women and to be a witness for their ordeals, Boland has also used myth to explore personal family relationships—an important part of the female experience. In particular, she has used the Ceres myth often in her poetry. She uses it again in her 1990 poem "The Making of an Irish Goddess" to illustrate the complexities of motherhood. She begins her revision of the myth almost as a passive observer: Ceres went to hell with no sense of time. When she looked back…

1 INTRODUCTION Foundation of the Vedic culture emanates from the philosophy and science of Yajï. Yajï is the perennial symbol of this divine culture (Pandya, 2009b). The Sanskrat word ‘Yajïa’ etymologically means ‘to worship’, ‘to unite or connect’, ‘to do charity unconditionally (däna ) in right manner to the deserved. Gayatri and Yajïa are described as the pillars of Indian philosophy and culture. The four vedas signify the philosophy of the eternity and absolute complementary role of…