Invasion of Grenada

synchronization within the Department of Defense are two particularly notable historical challenges. During the conflict in Vietnam and the period that immediately followed it, the different military branches often considered themselves to be rivals over missions and resources. This prevented each branch from developing doctrine, practices, and procedures that ensured that the military operated in as a unified department in prosecuting operations or wars. For example, OPERATION EAGLE CLAW, the failed rescue mission during the Iranian hostage crisis in 1990, revealed poor synchronization kept the military from being truly effective as a joint force (Lederman, 1999). These same issues plagued the military during OPERATION URGENT FURY, the invasion of Grenada in 1983. The failure to coordination communications security and radio frequencies between the Army, Marines, and Air Force made it extremely difficult to coordinate operations and one Army unit reported having to make a long-distance phone call via pay phone to request air support (Einspahr, 1986). The military’s continued failure to collaborate and coordinate effectively led to Congress and the President passing the Goldwater-Nichols act in 1986, the most sweeping legislation since 1947 (Lederman, 1999). External collaboration is another historical challenge for the Department of Defense and many other federal agencies (known as the “interagency community”). This has prevented the interagency community from collaborating…

On October 23, 1983, United States President Ronald Reagan’s administration issued National Security Directive 110A, authorizing the landing of U.S. and allied Caribbean troops on the small island nation of Grenada. The document’s stated purpose for the invasion was threefold: Assure safety of American nationals, eliminate and prevent further Cuban influence, and restore democratic government. Reagan, in public speeches and as a justification for the conflict, cited 800 American citizens held…

Grenada is an island located in the southern Caribbean with a current population of approximately 115,000. The country’s main income areas are from the agricultural and tourism industry. In 1974, Grenada was given its Constitution by an Act of Parliament. However, as of November 24th, 2016, the voting population will be called upon to cast their votes on proposed changes to the Constitution in a national referendum. Before delving into the whole issue of constitution reform, let us first define…

scenic harbors make the coasts of Antigua ideal for yacht cruising. On land, the picturesque island offers plenty of opportunity for shopping and dining. The historic English Harbor is a favorite spot among yachters. D-Boat in Antigua is a retired oil tanker that was converted into a water park (yes, you read that correctly) for “kids” of all ages. The massive floating entertainment center features waterslides, trampolines, and swing ropes, as well as a full bar and bistro. Nearby attractions…

Beowulf In the poem, Beowulf, a warrior from Geats comes to help Hrothgar, the king of the Danes whose land is being attacked by a monster, Grendel. Beowulf is successful and kills Grendel. To show his bravery and abilities, he even kills Grendel without using weapons. However,Hrothgar is still in trouble, because Grendel's mother is now trying to get revenge. As the poem continues, Beowulf kills Grendel's mother in her lair with a sword that giants used. After the victory, Beowulf returns…

Imagine seeing yourself staring at the sky at a big black object. You know that it’s foreign. Is this what you were waiting for? Is this it? In The Invasion From Outer Space Steven Millhauser gives a remarkable story about a town that is invaded by ,what the people call, “inanimate dust”. The people of the town get extremely disappointed on what they get and slowly find out that soon their town will be buried alive never to see again. The people of the town knew that they were going to be…

the way that they wanted to, they could be free and let loose. There was no judgment in the scene of Rock Roll. The Beatles are one of the many bands in this era that brought this new and edgy music. This band consisted of four band players: John Lennon (guitar), Paul McCartney (bass), George Harrison (lead guitar), and Ringo Starr (drums). The memorable part of The Beatles career was when they were on the Ed Sullivan Show on February 1964 (Willoughby 125). Being on the show gave the world a…

During the fifth year of the Second World War (1944), the Allied forces were planning the blueprints for the largest naval, air, and infantry invasion in the history of the world. This offensive was deemed the codename “Operation Overlord,” better known to the public as The Battle of Normandy. There were three major Allied countries involved in the invasion of D-day: The United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States of America. The invasion would begin with a heavy bombardment of German-held…

During World War II, one of the turning points—and the largest amphibious invasion in history— for the Allied forces was the battle of Normandy Landing on Omaha Beach, also known as Operation Overlord. By dawn of June 6th, 1944, Allied parties began appearing on Normandy beach while being repeatedly fired by heavy artillery and gunshot fires. The Allies eventually overtook the Germans after approximately 24 hours of constant exchanging fires. Films like The Longest Day, based on WWII veteran…

This operation is not being planned with any alternatives. This operation is planned as a Victory and that's the way it is going to be. We are going down there, and we're throwing everything we have into it, and we're going to make it a success"(General Dwight D. Eisenhower 1). Everyone had that same feeling on D-Day. To the troops, generals, and even civilians everyone was on their toes waiting for one of the greatest invasions in history, where the Americans, French, and Canadians launched…