Intracranial pressure

The change in an individuals belief or behaviour based on social influences.Humans conform for many reasons, in teenagers especially because they are particularly more vulnerable to peer pressure and want to be accepted by their peers. We change who we are for the desire of being liked or accepted by others and will comply within a group to a behaviour or thought that we don't particularly agree with. Solomon Asch (1951,1956) conducted studies…

Argatroban Argatroban is a synthetic direct thrombin inhibitor. It binds reversibly to thrombin so it requires to be given as a continuous intravenous infusion. It is metabolized mainly by the liver so it needs dose reduction in liver impairment. Its half-life is moderately extended in renal impairment. The effect of renal impairment on argatroban dosage adjustment is unclear. Some studies which were done on dialysis patients used the same dose in normal renal patients with no additional adverse…

Hyponatremia Hyponatremia is when the amount of salt (sodium) in your blood is too low. When sodium levels are low, your cells absorb extra water and swell. The swelling happens throughout the body, but it mostly affects the brain. Severe brain swelling (cerebral edema), seizures, or coma can happen as a result. CAUSES This condition may be caused by: • Heart, kidney, or liver problems. • Thyroid problems. • Adrenal gland problems. • Metabolic conditions, such as Syndrome of…

Thrombosis is the development of a blood clot within a blood vessel. The blood clots will usually be located in the lower extremities of the body, such as the legs. There are two types of this disease: venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis. The two types of venous thrombosis, include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Deep vein thrombosis is characterized as blood clots in the large veins in the body. This may arise from prolonged bed rest, long periods of immobility,…

Many patients have multiple diagnoses when they are admitted in the hospital care setting. My particular patient eight different diagnoses so I had multiple options to choose from to write this paper about. I decided to select hyponatremia because I know electrolyte imbalance is a very common issue. The Understanding Pathology textbook by Sue E. Heuther and Kathryn L. McCane state that hyponatremia is a sodium deficit or a serum sodium level that is less than 135 mEq/L. This in turn leads to…

The pause is caused when the pressure in the lungs is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Inspiration starts when chemoreceptors sense there is a high amount of CO2 in the blood, which then tells the body to contract the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. Due to this increase in volume of the thoracic cavity, and decrease in pressure, the air will wants to move to an area where there is less pressure, which is inside your…

Introduction Blood pressure is the force exerted on the blood vessels’ walls when blood passes through, while the pulse is the noticeable snapping back of the thick, elastic walls of an artery after blood surges through (Weedman 2014). Previous studies have shown that patients undergoing high stress situations had lower blood pressures and pulse rates after listening to relaxing music than before listening to music (Sutoo and Akiyama 2004; Knight and Rickard 2001). Research has shown that…

mostly by the aged population (60 and older). This is due to the fact that as people age, the risk of heart disease is higher. One common related problem is arteriosclerosis otherwise known as “hardening of the arteries” leading to increase in blood pressure with age. Some other changes to an aging heart involves: Stiffer blood vessels, which thickens some heart walls that help with blood flow Valves become thicker and stiffer causing leaks or problems with pumping blood out of the heart. There…

There are a number of disturbances that can act as stimuli for a feedback mechanism. According to Dorland (2012), a stimulus can be defined as any agent, act, or influence that will elicit a reaction in a receptor or an irritable tissue. These disturbances can act as stimuli because they are departures or divergences from that which is normal (Dorland, 2012). Dorland (2012) goes on to explain that feedback is when some of the output of a system is returned as input so as to exert some control in…

Methotrexate is a drug used to treat cancer, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and to induce miscarriage in women who have had ectopic pregnancies. Question 1: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a certain type of drug after administration through absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion while travelling throughout the body. Absorption Absorption is defined as the movement of a drug through the bloodstream. Absorption of a drug is affected by the solubility of the…