Intracranial pressure

Oxybutynin Chemical structure Mode of action and pharmacology Oxybutynin is an antimuscarinic, antispasmodic medicine that is used to relieve urinary symptoms caused by an overactive bladder. An over active bladder is caused by involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle surrounding the bladder causing it to empty unnecessarily. The detrusor muscle helps control normal working functions by relaxing and contracting as the bladder fills and empties. Symptoms include…

undertake, both manually and using electronic devices’’. Marieb & Hoehn (2010) describes blood pressure as the force of blood inside the blood vessels against the vessel wall. Systolic pressure is the raised pressure of the left ventricle that contracts blood that enters the aorta; this causes the stretching of the left ventricle and acts as functioning part of the ventricle (IBID). While the diastolic pressure is the flow of blood from the aorta into the smallest vessels as the aortic valve…

Operative Management of Portal Vein/SMV Trauma: Can We Just Ligate Case Scenario: A 21-year-old male presented to the emergency department after he was stabbed in the abdomen. On examination, his vital signs were significant for a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg, heart rate of 120 beats per minute, and a right upper quadrant stab wound. Given the concern for intra-abdominal bleeding, he was taken to operating room for exploratory laparotomy. The patient had a large right zone 1…

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is also known as Diastolic Heart Failure, this “is characterized by restrictive filling and reduced diastolic volume of either [one] or both ventricles with normal or near normal systolic function and wall thickness.” There are many types of Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive cardiomyopathy is the least common type. The tell-tale sign of RCM is diastolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction is when the heart does not fill up correctly, either too slowly or too quickly.…

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in America and is one of the leading causes of disability. Just like everything else in our body, our brain is fed by blood through arteries. And just as high blood pressure can damages the arteries of our heart, it can damages the arteries leading to our brain. If the arteries to our brain are only partially blocked, you can experience a transient ischemic attack- kind of like mini stroke. Its a brief, temporary disruption of blood to your brain caused…

infection of the blood or tissues that affects the whole body. Septic shock is the final, most serious stage of this infection. It is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. What are the causes? Septic shock is caused by a drop in blood pressure. The drop keeps your organs from getting enough oxygen, causing them to fail. What increases the risk? You are more likely to develop this condition if: You are very young or elderly. You have AIDS or another disease that weakens your…

Until I met Brandy, all I wanted was for somebody to ask me what happened to my face. “Birds ate it,” I wanted to tell them. Birds ate my face. But nobody wanted to know. Then nobody doesn’t include Brandy Alexander. Just don’t think this was a big coincidence. We had to meet, Brandy and me. We had so many things in common. We had close to everything in common. Besides, it happens fast for some people and slow for some, accidents or gravity, but we all end up mutilated. Most women know this…

Like every drug, atropine has side effects. Common side effects that atropine causes are dry mouth, blurred vison, urinary retention, tachycardia, constipation, hyper/hypotension, convulsions, fatigue, headaches and increased intraocular pressure. For emergency uses, the doses needed to treat an adult patient with symptomatic bradycardia would be 0.5-1.0 mg IV, 2 mg ET. It may be repeated every 3-5 mins up to 3.0 mg. The dosage needed to treat or restore cardiac function in bradyasystolic…

IVC Filters May Have Deadly Complications Inferior vena cava filters, or IVC filters, are implanted in individuals who cannot safely take blood thinners in order to prevent clots from traveling to the lungs. These filters are designed to catch any clots and allow them time to safely dissipate. The FDA has received many reports of complications from retrievable IVC filters. The filters have punctured organs, migrated to other parts of the body, and fractured. As a result, the FDA has issued…

However, at the α1-adrenergic receptor, blood pressure is lowered by reducing the release of phenylephrine and causing vasodilation. When the blood vessels are vasodilated, the peripheral vascular pressure is reduced.1 Coreg is a high tolerated drug but it does have some adverse effects; for example, headaches, dizziness (most common), bradycardia, and weight gain.1,3,4,6 Coreg…