International Association for the Study of Pain

during the shipment of goods. Comparing two modes of transportation: Air freight and sea freight. When considering shipping costs, sea freight is the obvious choice since it is much cheaper than air freight, especially for large shipments. A Defra study concludes that two tonnes of freight carried for 5000km by a small container ship creates 150kg of CO2e (a measure of relative global warming potential) compared to 6605kg of CO2e if the freight is carried by plane for the same distance…

and vegetables on their menus. The NIH says that people who have diseases or health related issues must be careful and cautious based on what fast food they eat because it contains a lot of sugar, sodium and fats. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), fast food can also be good for the heart; people just need to plan and be determined to see it through. You can improve fast food by requesting for wheat bun and holding the mayonnaise and sauces. The AHA recommends skipping “value”…

Testing was established under the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing was offered $1 million grant for a three-year research from the Cosmetic Toiletry and Fragrance Association. The main purpose of this research was to find alternative methods to animal testing and funds were to used in developing “non-whole animal methods” to test any products in the market (Goldberg…

Individuals understanding that they are in control of their own behaviors and decisions and no matter what has happened in a person’s past he/she have a choice to make better decisions for the future. This belief is the foundation of Choice Theory presented by William Glasser. William Glasser was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1925. William Glasser attended Case Western Reserve University in Ohio and he received a B.S in 1945 and a M.A. in clinical psychology in 1948. He later attended University…

Before the 1700 's, childbirth was primarily a domestic event, attended by midwives and female relatives. However, it has drastically changed as a technological approach to childbirth gained a momentum in the Western world. With each new technological invention, came new ways to test and analyze the process of a childbirth. The strong push towards utilizing precautionary medical procedures during childbirth - such as electronic fetal monitoring, amniocentesis, epidurals and C-section- and…

One of my earliest memories is a nauseating blur of deafening screams, broken glass strewn across the ground, my hoarse wailing, and a compulsory one-day stay at Disneyland Resort to “forget.” Under a cracking veneer of perfection, my traditional Vietnamese parents desperately fought to keep the shame of their failing marriage and verbal and emotional abuse a family secret. Then, during my middle school years, social work became undeniably real to me. After being diagnosed with major depressive…

little to nothing and channeled all of their creative energy into becoming who they are. In Eric Weiner’s novel Geography of Genius, he discusses the chaos and destruction that engulfs the city of Calcutta, India. This city is ridden with poverty and pain, yet they somehow have birthed some of the most beautifully developed geniuses. Weiner states in his novel, “The creative person collaborates with chaos, but collaboration is not the same as capitulation. Perennial chaos is hardly conducive to…

a. P7: Main Idea: Dreams also can alert us to dangers that are internal. Baltimore learned she had an ulcer by an alert of a dream. Other people get dreams that alert illness like cancer and heart disease. b. Paraphrasing: Mary Agnes found out that her dreams can also alert of dangers inside your body. Like for example, she dreamed that she traveled inside her body and found a boiler room in danger of blowing up. Also, she found that the dream was an alert and she went to a doctor and the doctor…

Frequently, people encounter bullying in an early age. They get treated a certain way in school or in their neighborhood by their appearance, personality, and religion. These people that are getting bullied are considered to be different because of height, weight, weakness, and socially challenged (Gordon, 2014). These people who are bullying find bullying to be fun and entertaining, in some way makes them feel good for what they do to these individuals who are in the category of being different…

Gershwin ME. The geoepidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev. 2010;9(5):A277-A287. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.12.008. 4. Hanlon P, Avenell A, Aucott L, Vickers MA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the sero-epidemiological association between Epstein-Barr virus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(1):R3. doi: 10.1186/ar4429 5. Celhar T, Fairhurst A. Toll-like receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus: potential for personalized treatment. Front…