Internal jugular vein

Introduction Heart and lung work hand to hand daily, nonstop until we die. Some people may have experienced heart surgery because of many reasons. Some reasons for cardiac surgery is tumor, heart attack, blood clot in the heart, etc. After the surgery, there is a recovery process and the heart may not even fully heal for some patients. Since the heart may not be able to work optimally, respiration system of the patients may also be affected (Westerdahl et al, 2016). The surgery process itself…

Another primary nursing problem related to his hypervolemia is impaired oxygenation. This problem is exacerbated by Giovanni’s increasing cardiac demand, which resulted in a decrease in his cardiac output. His chest x-ray validated his condition, revealing an enlarged cardiothoracic ratio. According to Mensah et al. (2015 p.159), cardiothoracic ratio is the marker for confirming changes in an individual’s cardiac size. The pathophysiology of Giovanni’s impaired oxygenation is interlaced with…

Explain the significance of the thickness of the left ventricular wall. The right ventricle wall is small and thin containing deoxygenated blood. The left is just the opposite. The left ventricle is larger and thicker making it stronger than the right, but containing oxygenated blood. However, since it is pumping blood all around the body, it is at a more forceful rate (Oxford Journals, 2016). The major coronary vessels are on the surface of the heart. What is the advantage of that location?…

Varicose Veins Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged, bulging, and twisted. They most often appear in the legs. CAUSES This condition is caused by damage to the valves in veins. These valves help blood return to your heart. When they are damaged and stop working properly, blood may flow backward and back up in the veins near the skin, causing the veins to get larger and appear twisted. The condition can result from any issue that causes blood to back up, like pregnancy, prolonged…

Obstructive Shock Shock is typically described as blood flow that is inadequate to meet the oxygen concentration for normal functioning of the body tissues. Obstructive shock in this case results from mechanical obstruction of the left ventricle stopping the flow of blood out of the heart. With the limited blood flow, the tissues results in anaerobic metabolism since there is limited supply of oxygen. The anaerobic respiration produces a lot of carbon dioxide together with the inherent…

report a rare but completely avoidable complication i.e. loss of guide wire inside the vein during subclavian venous cannulation which was successfully removed by surgery. Keywords- Subclavian venous cannulation, Avoidable complication, Guide wire. Introduction- Although central venous catheterisation…

of an animal to the sun of their microcosm. Harvey outlines that the arteries and the veins contain the same blood in animals, and not blood from two separate sources as assumed by Galen. The document was written in 1628. It was written to Prince Charles, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland. Harvey mentions Galen (Greek physician) and mentions that the same blood going into the heart, arteries and veins. At that time two separate systems were assumed to be involved in blood circulation.…

5. What are the potential contraindications that can prevent someone from having a cardiac catheterization? What is the contraindication that must be considered in Robert Wilson’s case? Why is this of concern? There are potential contraindications to getting a cardiac catheterization, though the only contraindication is the inability to provide an informed consent. There have been unstable patients how have tolerated this procedure but with high risk patients, the nurse has be cautious of…

Abstract The purpose of this exercise laboratory experiment was to, analyse and observe the role that exercise plays in affecting the blood pressure and heart rate of a patient, with and without the consumption of caffeine. In this experiment, a cycle ergometer (Monark 824E, Monark Exercise, Sweden) was used in an incremental style type exercise that measured the fourteen healthy participants blood pressure and heart rate at various interval stages. The blood pressure and heart rate were…

Question 1. a) “What serosal cavities have been penetrated by the 1st arrow?” The pleural cavity and pericardial cavity have been penetrated by the 1st arrow as they tend to appear in the thoracic cavity on the left side of the chest. b) “Explain the location, the microscopic characteristics of the serous membrane, and the purpose of the serous membrane.” The serous membrane, the peritoneum is located within cavities of the abdomen and the pelvis. Pleura are found in the thoracic cavity…