Interleukin

The longer I spend studying chemistry and biology, the more I find patterns and overlaps between the two disciplines. As I’ve matured in my studies, I have found the boundaries between the sciences to blur, which has led to my desire to do biochemistry. The course encompasses several science disciplines from biophysics and bioengineering to cellular biology and organic chemistry and looks at these from an analytical and quantitative standpoint. The diversity and interdisciplinary nature of…

cytokines, which respectively, trigger an abundance of immune responses. T cell differentiation Originally, Mosmann et al., 1986 reported that CD4 T cells can be subdivided into those that produce interferon gamma (IFN-ϒ) and those that produce interleukin 4 (IL-4). Currently, CD4 T cells are recognized as a cell population with a variety of functions. Two subsets of CD4+ T cells that are recognized individually are…

T-cells respond to the cytokine molecules that are called interleukins via a signaling pathway. Cortisol blocks the T-cells from proliferating in that they prevent some of the T-cells from recognizing interleukin signals. It can also stifle inflammation that is die to inhibition of histamine secretion. Cortisol’s ability to prevent the promulgation of the immune response can render individuals…

documented in patients with blunt trauma.[] [] Indeed, with the electrocardiogram and CK-MB as screening tests, the detection of myocardial contusion has increased from the detection of myocardial contusion has increased from 7 to 17 percent in patients with blunt chest trauma. However, false-positive elevations of the CK-MB isoenzyme can also be seen if the total CK is greater than 20,000 unites; this can occur after massive body injury.[][] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Categorization of…

Obesity remains the number one leading factor associated with Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes, previously identified as adult-onset diabetes, affects the way one metabolizes glucose; a crucial energy source for the body. An increase or decrease in insulin production also results from Type 2 Diabetes. Insulin resistance occurs when the body does not use insulin properly. According to the Center for Disease Control, Type 2 Diabetes accounts for ninety to ninety-five percent of diabetic cases;…

AETIOLOGY OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS Genetic predisposition Genetic predisposition is a major factor in the aetiology of AR. The clinical evidence include: the fact that a family history of allergic rhinitis is often present and the association of Allergic rhinitis with other atopic diseases that possess a genetic basis, such as allergic asthma or atopic dermatitis. It has been reported that Allergic Rhinitis has a hereditary component but does not exhibit a Mendelian hereditary pattern. The…

Autoimmune diseases affect about 50 million of the American population according to the American Autoimmune Statistics. Autoimmune occurs when the immune system can not detect the difference between self and nonself. The human immune system protects the body from foreign virus’ and sends antibodies to kill the unknown virus or intruders. This disease then causes the body to produce antibodies that will attack against the body’s healthy cells. It proceeds to attack itself and it’s healthy body…

The ABCDE framework (Resuscitation Council 2005) is an acronym that is used for assessment and treatment for critically ill patients. It is a framework that is widely recognised and when used correctly can form the basis for a rapid, yet systematic and therefore thorough initial assessment (Jevon 2010; Page and McKinney 2012). It also assists in determining the seriousness of the condition and helps to prioritise the interventions needed (Page and McKinney 2012; Thim et al. 2012). It is…

“ Epstein Barr virus” being the most suspected causative agent1 . Genetic variations and interactions with major histocompatibility complexes belonging to class two, i.e. DR beta 1 (HLA-DRB1)*1501 allele and other alleles like interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) and interleukin 7 receptor…

Leukemia does not show obvious symptoms early on, however it shows certain unusual symptoms which need further diagnoses. Leukemia detection test involves many diagnostic methods such as blood test, bone marrow test, cytogenetic analysis, immunophenotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoglobulin test, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and G-banding karyotyping. The evaluation of these this diagnostic test takes place in the laboratory to determine the treatment plan for the…