Transformational Leadership and Employee Turnover Intentions in Small Businesses Increasingly, it is becoming evident that the new approach to organizational leadership involving employee commitment to a shared vision—termed transformational leadership (TFL)—is directly linked to enhanced organizational performance (Judge & Piccolo, 2004; Yukl, 2006; Wang, Oh, Courtright & Colbert, 2011). Furthermore, the literature suggests that transformational leaders are able to boost organizational…
Throughout history, there has been debate of whether a person is morally responsible for something that was completely out of the person’s control. This could also be known as the debate over moral luck. Is there any immunity from luck? It would most likely depend on the situation and the public’s interpretation. People seem to be committed to the Control Principle, that we are only morally assessable to the things within our own control. Although this is our main ideology, we make our judgments…
In Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, the narrator’s ambivalent feelings about Kurtz indicates Marlow discovering Kurtz intentions. The literary elements such as point of view, tone, diction, and paradox assist the narrator in understanding Marlow’s feelings when learning about Kurtz. Having ambivalent feelings for Kurtz was an unexpected hit of reality the narrator did not expect. From the beginning of Marlow’s journey, there had been nothing except for uplifting remarks regarding what Kurtz…
The Theory of Planned Behavior as explained by Sutton (2002), is composed of four key factors that predict behavior among individuals. These factors include attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control which in turn form an intention that predicts an individual from committing a particular health behavior (Sutton, 2002). Montanaro and Bryan (2014), explain that individual attitudes are determined by the beliefs of what a behavior will produce for instance the belief condoms will…
reasons including the Nazis true intentions, the actual function of Auschwitz, and the time other prisoners had been kept. To begin, this slogan holds a positive connotation which does not match the vicious nature and ill-intention of the Nazis. The camps would never hold this true as work would not grant any of the prisoners their freedom. In fact, the head of Elie’s block was removed when “...he was judged too humane” (Wiesel 44). The Nazis had did not have good intentions for their prisoners…
criticized for what is known as the intention-behavior gap (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). Such models place people along a continuum in regards to readiness for action and these models assume that a person’s action-behavior is a result of their intention to perform that behavior (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). The issue is intention alone does not predict behavior and these models do little to account for the space between intention and behavior when intention is present but behavior is not…
explanation human behavior in specific contexts (Ajzen, 1991). The main concepts of TPB concentrated on behavior beliefs, normative beliefs, control beliefs, attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control that resulted in intention and deliberate behavior (Ajzen, 1985). Increasing of positive attitudes, perceived norm, and perceived behavioral control could help people to succeed in planned behavior…
This is supported in the fact that post graduate students have a higher intention of creating a new business in the next 5 years (36.2%), while the intention of undergraduate students is just 18.4% (See Table 1.13) 3.4 FINDING 3: RELIABILITY ANALYSIS Analysing reliability statistics regarding question: Creating a new company or becoming an entrepreneur would…
Historic Muslim judgments on Jihad in regards to armed struggle rely on five distinct principles sought to preserve order. These principles reside on the idea of: right intention, right authority, proportionality, just cause, and “soldiers fighting soldiers.” The Muslim presumption to war is that it be conducted in honor of the Lord, therefore; it is important that Muslim society maintain such societal norms in regard to armed struggle. Though the historic Muslim ideal of war sought to preserve…
The word intention can be divided into direct intention, where you desired the outcome, or oblique intention. Oblique intention is a subjective test that sees whether the outcome was inevitable as seen in Nedrick and Woollin where the House of Lords introduced the notion that ‘death or serious bodily harm[SBH] had…