Insulin resistance

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be categorized by a group of metabolic diseases including hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, the action of insulin, or both. In type one DM, the beta cells are completely destroyed in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, which leads to insulin deficiency. This can happen at any age, but it mainly occurs before the age of thirty. Type one DM is characterized by hyperglycemia, breakdown of body fats and proteins, and the development of…

Arterial blood gas (ABG) and electrolytes analysis is an important test to monitor acid-base balance and the assessment of gas exchange. Various factors can affect the accuracy of the results. A study showed that; the ABG’s results changes occurs when the analysis is delayed. They suggested storing the blood on bag of ice to minimize changes. According to The American Association for Respiratory Care Clinical Practice Guideline the blood sample should be analyzed in 10-15 minutes at room…

Is Diabetes a Family Curse? Diabetes is a serious disease, It was the seventh leading cause of death in the United Sates in 2010, and still remains in the top ten to this day. The cause of the disease is not entirely clear, but according to experts it may be caused by genetic and environmental factors. Furthermore doctors speculate that unlike some traits, diabetes does not seem to be inherited in a simple pattern. However, some people like myself are more likely to develop…

It is estimated that nearly 35% of the US population has metabolic syndrome1. Metabolic syndrome encompasses a cluster of disorders that increase risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.2 The GI tract is home to trillions of microorganisms that confer benefits to the host. Recent evidence has implicated alternations in gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome3,4. Maintenance of gut barrier function, regulation of immune response…

2.2 Risk Factors Genetics has a strong impact on atherosclerosis, however only a fraction of cases are due to Mendelian disorders, such as LDL receptor gene mutations. Familial traits that predispose an individual to atherosclerosis include conditions such as, hypertension and diabetes and inflammatory disorders (Crowther, 2005, Falk, 2006, Kumar, 2010). Age also plays a role, as individuals between 40 to 60 years of age are at elevated risk of manifesting atherosclerosis, whilst ischemic heart…

Diabetic children need an especial parental involvement which can create an extreme stress to parents. Maintaining children’s blood glucose constant is a challenging task for parents to do. Though having a secure relationship with children is a better way of dealing with their problem, a research on the importance of having a secure relation with diabetic children was hardly done. The purpose of the study by Helena Moreira and Maria Cristina Canavarro, was to research the impact of…

Glucose is a sugar cells use for energy. The molecules are broken down to create energy molecules to power cellular processes. Insulin and glucagon are two pancreatic hormones that help to restore glucose to normal levels. Although, normal levels are not always the case when the level rises, actions need to be taken in order to lower it by secreting insulin. Insulin causes the rate of glucose transport from the blood to increase in the cells. This will rise cellular rate of glucose utilization…

roughly 44,000 diabetes related amputations every year in America. Around 85% of those cases started out with a foot ulcer. Those at greatest risk are people who have a long history of diabetes, are overweight, and/or smoke. People who have been taking insulin for over 20 years are at the highest risk. The increased risk factor for these patients is due to the related conditions, including peripheral neuropathy. Foot ulcers tend to stem from infections from injuries. Even the most minor…

three different types of diabetes mellitus, however; I would be talking about type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can also be known as late-onset diabetes, or non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) which is a disease caused by the production of too little or no insulin by the pancreas. Other causes include body cells having too few insulin receptors, obesity, high blood pressure, pregnancy, and high cholesterol levels in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type to be diagnosed…

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is the result of the body not properly producing, storing or releasing anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). This can be caused by a number of factors and/or injuries to certain organs of the body. DI is an uncommon disorder characterized by two major symptoms: polyuria and polydipsia (American). Polyuria is defined as the excretion of large amounts of urine. Polydipsia is defined as intense thirst even though large amounts of fluids are consumed. Other signs may include nocturia…