Insulin resistance

1.0 Introduction – What is diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder of chronic hyperglycaemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance and in some cases both which affects people of all ages. The chronic hyperglycaemia causes a range of macro- and microvascular complications. Macrovascular damage leads to increased prevalence of heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease whereas microvascular complications can cause diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and…

people in the United States. There are two types of diabetes, and type 2 is the most prevalent type at 90% of all cases. Different from type 1 diabetes, which is a complete need for insulin replacement, type 2 diabetes is caused by a resistance to insulin made by the pancreas as well as a deficiency in insulin. This resistance and deficiency is usually caused by lifestyle risk factors including body weight, diet, and sedentary activity. Diet plays a major role because food eaten cannot be…

. Even if you drink more fluids to quench the thirst, you'll urinate even more. 2-Increased hunger. Even after eating, you may still feel very hungry. That’s because the muscles doesn’t getting the energy that needed from the food; the body’s insulin prevent the glucose from entering the muscle to providing energy. Therefore, the muscles and tissues send a hunger message, to get more energy into the body. 3-Weight loss. You may be eating more but still losing weight. Since the body isn’t…

combination of diseases that affect metabolism so that the individual has raised blood sugar levels. This can be due to a lack of insulin, and/or a body’s change in how it responds to insulin. Approximately 382 million people in the world are directly affected by diabetes. The three types of the disease include Type 1 or Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 or Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, and Gestational Diabetes. Gestational Diabetes happens only during pregnancy but is also…

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is identified as a metabolic disorder, directly involving the pancreas which has a chronic effect on the body in those who are diagnosed. The lack of insulin production and/or the body’s decreased ability to use insulin effectively is what leads to the disease process causing multiple body systems to undergo changes as a result (Shrivastava, 2013). DM can be classified into two categories: Type 1 or Type 2. The National Diabetes Statistics Report 2014, consensus that 29.1…

Pathophysiology of Type I IDDM and Type II NIDDM Type I Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and Type II Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) are two separate pathophysiological features that separate them from one another. Type I Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) "results from immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas" (Kantárová, 2007, p. 1). Individuals that are genetically susceptible to IDDM produce autoantibodies that becomes…

typically found in starches and grains. When carbohydrates like potatoes or bread are consumed they are transformed into glucose, also known as blood sugar. As carbohydrates are digested, the blood sugar levels rise. Blood sugar levels then trigger insulin to release from the pancreas into the bloodstream, which helps the glucose disperse throughout the body. Once all of the glucose has been delivered to the energy seeking cells, any excess glucose is stored in fat cells or the liver. The other…

Why is sugar bad for you? part 2. Insulin is a very important hormone in the body. It is made by the pancreas and allows the body to use glucose from carbohydrates and it maintains blood sugar levels from getting too high or low. Since eating promotes blood sugar levels to rise, your pancreas signals insulin to release into the bloodstream. Then, the insulin links to your cells and absorbs sugars. If you have excess sugar in your body than it requires, insulin aids in storing sugar in liver and…

pancreases beta cells that produce insulin. (Atkinson & Eisenbarth, 2001). Type 2 diabetes (the most common type) is caused by a number of factors ranging from genetic and lifestyle factors. Some of these include physical inactivity and obesity in which case the extra fat causes insulin resistance. Aside from that, genetic and family history can cause both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (Selvin et al. 2006). Treatment and Control of Diabetes Type 1 diabetes is managed using insulin, as well as…

Insulin (from the Latin, insula meaning island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, and it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of, especially, glucose from the blood into fat, liver and skeletal muscle cells. In these tissues the absorbed glucose is converted into either glycogen via glycogenesis or fats (triglycerides) via lipogenesis, or, in the…