Insect repellent

Ant colony algorithm has three steps: pheromone initialization, building tour, updating pheromone.For the ant colony algorithm, path selection influence a little by the pheromone initialization. In order to get a better result, the pheromone value is always initialized slightly higher than the one released in each iteration.We have taken the initial value of pheromone as τij(0)= m/Cmin where , τij(t) is the residual pheromone on the path between node i and node j at moment t. m is the number of…

genus Ommatissus spp. seem to be more restrictive in their host ranges of palms, produce more honeydew and cause remarkable direct damage to palms through oviposition and feeding (Howard, 2001). O. lybicus is limited to P. dactylifera (monophagous insect) and found in almost all date palm…

Classification Levels of the Chesapeake Blue Crab Characteristics of Invertebrates in the Class Malacostraca Scientific Name: Callinectes sapidus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Sub-Phylum: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Family: Portunidae Genus: Callinectes Species: Sapidus Habitat of the Chesapeake Blue Crab The Blue Crab lives in several different locations. A few of these locations are the…

Bees are insects that have a major job in the ecosystem, they collect pollen and nectar and pollinate flowers which in return provides many fruits and vegetables that are consumed on a daily bases, they are one of earth's most essential and diligent species of animals.Without them humans would not be able to survive as efficiently as when there are bees. Unfortunately, over the years the population of the bees has been declining in numbers for multiple reasons. The very existence of bees is what…

parasites and a class of bee-killing insecticides known as neonicotinoids. Neonicotinoids might be the main reason of why bees are dying. Neonicotinoids are a relatively new type of insecticide, used to control a variety of pests, especially sap-feeding insects,…

Have you ever wondered if Rattlesnakes can sense fear?They can by using their hyper-active adrenaline glands.Rattlesnakes are very weird a behave differently from other snakes.They also live in many different places.Rattlesnake’s bodies are very complex,and involve many things.Rattlesnakes can lead very interesting lives, live in very strange places,and their bodies can be very complex pieces of living tissue. A rattler’s behavior depends on the situation the rattler is in. When threatened,the…

The issue of invasive species first came to my attention by the creature in the photo on top. The creature is the cane toad (Rhinella marina), which I first got to know from a documentary from National Geographic, Killer Cane Toad. Much has been forgotten from the documentary, hence I looked up the internet to refresh my memory on the issue again. Here is what I found. Cane toad was first introduced into Australia in 1935 by Reginald Mungomery to tackle the issue of canegrubs damaging the cane…

Burdick, Alan. “The Truth about Invasive Species.” 50 Essays: A Portable Anthology. 4th Ed. Samuel Cohen. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2014. 83-90. Print. Summary: In Alan Burdick’s essay, “The Truth about Invasive Species”, he discusses the theme of how living organisms can adapt fairly easy to different environments without causing harmful damage. There is evidence presented in the article that tells readers information about invasive species. An example is that the American gray squirrel…

I’m nearly late to my lab that day. I rush up the stairs of the old brick building, laughs and conversations of the luckier students who had just gotten out of class echoing through the halls. My feet pound against the dingy linoleum, almost loud enough to drown them all out. I step into the lab room, exhale in one long woosh, and let my shoulder’s drop – the professor isn’t there yet. But the TAs are. They sweep through the aisles with strange plastic cylinders in their hands. I step foot in…

 4.1. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents This section provides an overview of the honey and beeswax value chain analysis sample respondents in Adwa and Ahferom districts. Demographic characteristics included for farmers, traders and tej makers. The results presented and discussed entirely to the sampled households. 4.1.1. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of farmers Age - The average age of the respondent was 50.5 (±10) years. The average age of…