Insect repellent

Ziziphus mauritiana and the Muzarabani community. Wild fruits are widely managed and utilised in different parts of the world. In semi-arid region the dependence on the fruits vary from region to region. In semi-arid regions which are prone to natural hazards like Muzarabani have for years relied on wild fruits’ like Ziziphus mauritiana despite, the reliance of the people of the muzarabani community on Ziziphus mauritiana , serious academic considerations of Ziziphus mauritiana as is an…

ANT COLONY OTIMIZATION basics and algorithm 3.1. ACO algorithm introduction and basics The concept of ACO has been inspired by observation of real ants while wondering for food source. An ant while in search of food source lays a certain amount of pheromone trail along the path traversed. The laying of pheromone serves dual purpose to the ant. Firstly, it marks the path for other randomly moving aunts and secondly, it helps the aunt to return to its original source. Now, whenever a redundantly…

Question 1 1.1) Hemichordates share some characters with echinoderms and chordates. Pharyngeal slits they share with chordates. Hemichordates are the sister taxon to echinoderms as described by Ambulacraria hypothesis, then gill slits are an ancestral feature for deuterostomes. These gill slits are supposedly lost in in lineage but some researchers have found evidence for gill slits in extinct carpoid echinoderms. The Ambulacraria hypothesis unites echinoderms and hemichordates on the basis of a…

External features of Pigeon – Morphology – *The body of pigeon is spindle shaped (Fig.20.1) having a size of 20-25 cm. *The body is divisible into head, neck, trunk and tail. *The body is covered by backwardly directed…

zygodactyls (meaning they have four toes on each foot). The parrots are very popular pets because they have colorful plumage and ability to mimic human speech. The parrots feeding on fruit,flower,buds,nuts, seeds, and some small creatures such as insects. In this report I will show some important information and characteristics about parrots such as Systematic ,Habitat , Behavior , Diet,Classification and taxonomy, Life stage of parrots , Parrot…

1. What is alula? - Alula is a set of feathers on the first digit of birds which permits a slot on the wing. 2. What is crop milk? – Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of crop of parent…

Among angiosperms, Rosaceae consists of approximately 100 genera and 3000 species including several types of fruits with economic importance and health benefits. Rosaceae is divided into 4 subfamilies with basic chromosome numbers of x = 7 (Rosoideae), 8 (Prunoideae) and 9 (Spiraeoideae), x = 17 (Maloideae). The taxonomy of the genus Prunus is controversial because of the polymorphism and wide ecological tolerance of the species, as well as the presence of numerous cultivars. Prunus is the…

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), also known as Redgram, is an economically and nutritionally important grain legume crop belonging to the Cajaninae sub-tribe of the tribe Phaseoleae under sub-family Papilionoideae of family Leguminosae. Considering the vast natural genetic diversity in the germplasm and the presence of many wild relatives, India is considered as the primary center of origin of pigeonpea (Van der Maesen, 1980). It is one of the hardy, drought tolerant and important pulse…

Insect biodiversity is very large and they are responsible for more than half of the population of eukaryote on the planet. It is approximately 900,000 species of insects have been described and recorded. Insects belong to phylum Arthropoda and class Insecta. Five orders of insects with high species richness include Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Insects basic morphology are three pairs of legs, a segmented body divided into three (head, thorax and abdomen) or two,…

optimization. Honey bees have developed the ability to collectively choose between nectar sources by opting for the optimum one: This source provides a maximum ratio of gain compared to costs. According to Johnson and Nieh, honey Bees are social pesky insects where collective decisions are made via feedback periods based on positive and negative signaling. Dependent task scheduling papers and scheduling with artificial bee colony is reviewed and found that no one has focused on artificial bee…