Inner ear

Acoustic reflexes are contractions of the stapedius muscle in the middle ear. This reflex occurs when a loud sound is presented to the ear causing the tympanic membrane to stiffen and cause a change in immittance (Martin & Clark, 2012). When measuring the acoustic reflex threshold, we are measuring the softest sound that can cause a reflex of the stapedius muscle as well as the duration of time needed for the reflex to decay. The reflex is presented as a deflection, or a curve/dip, on the…

Okay, I will totally admit that I am extremely biased towards my home town of Baltimore, Maryland, as a place for folks to visit. Each and every time I go back to the place that I'll always consider home is an extremely emotional and truly joyous event for me.� Much of my family has, sadly, �passed away, but my mother still lives in the concrete Cape Cod style bungalow in which I was raised for the first nineteen years of my life. It's located on a quiet residential street right on the…

Trepanation is one of the oldest know surgical techniques. It was practiced in countries all over the world but seems to have originated from places in and around Europe. Trepanning is the process of drilling, grooving, boring and cutting or scraping a hole, usually no bigger than an inch or so, into a person’s head, therefore exposing the dura matter and allowing brain tissue to freely pulsate –increasing blood flow. Figure 1 shows the four methods, 1-scraping 2-grooving 3- boring and cutting…

tissue that separates your middle ear from your ear canal. It protects your middle ear from germs that can cause infection. A tympanic membrane perforation can cause ear pain and hearing loss. CAUSES This condition may be caused by: An injury, such as: A blow to the side of the head. A fall onto water or a flat surface. Too much pressure on the eardrum, such as from swimming or diving. Putting an object, such as a cotton swab, into the ear canal. RISK FACTORS This…

Tympanometry is an examination that provides information about the middle ear function and is a standard clinical procedure for neonates. Typanometry is conducted when the patient is seated in an upright positon with the probe horizontally in the ear canal and pointing medially towards the tympanic membrane. Neonates tend to be tested lying in a cot with one ear facing up and the head in a horizontal position and probe in a vertical position. The authors provided adequate background about how…

Why is it that your ears “pop” inside an airplane or when you are driving? Inside your ear there is a pocket of air. this pocket is normally at the same pressure as the air. in a plane, the high altitude means the air is rhinner and although planes are pressured. also, when you swallow and when the pressure is equalised your often feel a pop. Why is it that yawing or chewing gum helps with the ear popping sensation? Yawing or chewing gum helps with the aer popping sensation because…

vibrations traveling through the stapes footplate as it pulls the stapes away from the oval window, decreasing the energy to the cochlea and compliance (Emanuel, 2009). Furthermore, it is a bilateral phenomenon as stimulation in one ear evokes an AR in the opposite ear as well, involving contralateral and…

Success Introduction Otitis media, commonly called an ear infection, is an inflammation of the middle ear. This can occur as acute otitis media (AOM) or otitis media with effusion (OME). These infections are “caused by bacteria and often begin after a child has a sore throat, cold, or other upper respiratory infection…Because of the infection, fluid builds up behind the eardrum” (Ear Infections in Children, 2014). “Fluid may build up in the middle ear for several reasons.… Sometimes the fluid…

Introduction During the late 12th century, a baby was born by the name of Temujin. This baby would later become known by the name of Genghis Khan, one of the most feared leaders in our history. Genghis Khan was important for not only uniting the tribes of the Mongolian Region, but also by the way he influenced the whole world, past and present, in many different ways. He fought, preached, and traded his way to become one of the strongest rulers our world has ever seen. The “Forgotten”…

Nomads have influenced Europe and China socially, politically, and economically due to them helping spread there ideas on the government, also by introducing other countries to the vast resources that the place they conquered had and by sometimes transferring the power from being passed down by heritage to actually to people who studied and knew how to rule ,however, not all the time when a nomadic tribe invaded/conquered a territory they actually helped the empire sometimes all they did was…