Innate immune system

In a Phase II trial with metastatic melanoma patients, 103 patients were randomized to two different doses of pidizilumab, 1.5 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg given every 2 weeks for a duration of 7 months. The objective response rate reported using immune-related response criteria (irRC) was 5.9 % for the entire cohort and 10 % for the cohort receiving 1.5 mg/kg. In addition, the overall survival was 65% at 12 months. The treatment was tolerated by the patients with only 4% affected by adverse events…

Gallstones or Gall Bladder stones are hard deposits present in your gall balder which are mainly made up of cholesterol, salt, or bilirubin, that are discarded red blood cells. These stones move stealthily inside the gall bladders. The gall bladder is a small organ that functions as the storage place for bile (a digestive fluid) that is made in the liver. These stones also vary in size as in some cases, they are as small as grains or sometimes they are large as the size of a plum. In 80 percent…

Immunocytochemistry (ICC), which this lab is based on, is commonly used as a laboratory technique to anatomically observe the location of a specific protein or antigen in cells by the use of a specific primary antibody that binds to it. A staining reagent or chromagen is used to help detect certain proteins used in this experiment, called 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB). 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) DAB, a derivative of benzene, is an organic compound, which is both chemically and thermodynamically…

My group and I had no clue what the Cyanea Kuhihewa was. We have found out that Cyanea Kuhihewa is critically endangered. It is not really to be found because it is a juvenile plant in 1997. Lowland wet forest with Metrosideros polymorphic, Dicranopteris. That is the problem that the Cyanea faces. Cyanea are extinct now since 2003 they caused a big problem in Hawaii hurricane in 1992. The way you could solve those problems if you put the Cyanea Kuhihewa in a wet forest where it could stay calm.…

live with HIV and out of the 25.7 million, only 39% of them are receiving treatment. This could be because they are the only ones that could afford it (see fig 1). AIDS.gov asserts that “HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus that attacks the immune system and when left untreated HIV can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).” Unfortunately,…

Blood clotting is a crucial process in your body. It hinders excessive bleeding when you injure your blood vessels. Platelets and proteins in the plasma work jointly to halt the bleeding through forming a clot on the injury. However, some blood clots may be harmful. During some surgeries, doctors use medications to hinder the formation of blood clots. An example of a drug used is Heparin. Using Heparin poses some Heparin side effects. What are the side effects of heparin? Before thinking about…

Explain how atherosclerotic plaque is formed. Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large and intermediate sized arteries, where fatty lesions called atheromatous plaques develop on the inside surfaces of arterial walls. It is characterised by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation and an accumulation of lipids, calcium, cholesterol, and cellular debris within the intima wall - making it a multifactorial disease that usually develops many years before manifestation of clinical symptoms.…

The United States has a plethora of problems when it comes to children not being vaccinated in today’s time and error. There are people who vaccinate and then there are those who do not. Families who choose to vaccinate, do it because they have done the research and have looked thoroughly at the statics of healthiness if the vaccines are given to their children. Protecting their children while they are at school, to not be exposed to different types of diseases and infections from their peers,…

life can make us weak. The Black Plague is one prime example of this. People were dying, but we recovered from the plague and it did make the people stronger and have more knowledge of illnesses. We recovered from the plague and have improved immune systems than before. Though it could go either way. What almost destroys us can make us weak. An example of this could be cheetahs. Cheetahs are endangered and there are not many left to repopulate. The cheetahs went through what was called “the…

Poison ivy is a condition in which the skin has an allergic reactions caused by a substance called "urushiol" resin on leaves, stems, and roots of Ivy. Ivy is a type of shrub that can cause severe skin irritations (contact dermatitis). The Poison Ivy affected skin may become dry, red, or burnt. When trees are burned, the smoke from the burning results can affect your lungs. The best way to avoid Poison Ivy is by way of avoiding such plants. Learn to identify trees of ivy and avoid contact as…